US Government As Represented by the Secretary of the Army

Lin Ma

Kang Xu

Marshall A Schroeder

Oleg A Borodin

Arthur Von Wald Cresce

Judith A Kim

Travis P Pollard

To improve the performance of certain multivalent metal electrodes, the electrodes can be treated prior to use in an electrochemical cell by applying a solution comprising an acid to a surface of a multivalent metal electrode, then removing excess solution comprising the acid and drying the surface of the multivalent metal electrode. The resulting electrode has an outer interphase layer comprised of a hydrated hydroxychloride comprising the multivalent metal, where the interphase layer has a thickness of less than 5 μm.

Hydrochloric acidic surface treatment for multivalent battery metal electrode

Disclosed is an electrochemical cell, which may be used for advanced rechargeable batteries. The electrochemical cell comprises two or more electrodes within an electrolyte solution, where the electrolyte solution containing (i) an aliphatic or cyclic sulfone and (ii) a metal perfluoroalkylsulfonylimide salt.

Sulfone sulfonylimide combinations for advanced battery chemistries

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Lin Ma