United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture

Lucent Technologies Inc.

Cornell University

Boyce Thompson Institute Inc.

Li Li

Ramachandran Ramjee

Thomas F La Porta

Joyce Van Eck

Julia Vrebalov

David F Garvin

Shan Lu

Diana M O'Halloran

The cauliflower (L. var.) Or gene is a semi-dominant, single-locus mutation. It induces the accumulation of high levels of beta-carotene in various tissues that are normally devoid of carotenoids, turning them orange. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we identified a single candidate gene representing Or and successfully verified its identity by phenotypic complementation in the wild type cauliflower. The Or gene encodes a plastid membrane protein containing the DnaJ zinc figure domain. A likely gain-of-function mutation from a 4.3-kb retrotransposon insertion in the Or allele confers the orange phenotype in the mutant. Southern blot analysis revealed that Or is a single-copy sequence in the cauliflower genome. High level of expression of the Or gene and the protein was found in very young leaves, curds, and flowers at comparable abundance between wild type and the Or mutant. Or likely functions in regulating the differentiation of some non-photosynthetic plastids into chromoplasts, which provide the deposition 'sink' for carotenoid accumulation. Or orthologs with high degree of sequence homology were found in many other higher plants, including, tomato, maize, and rice. Successful phenotypic complementation of Or inprovides strong evidence that Or can work across species to enhance carotenoid accumulation in other important crops.

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The cauliflower (L. var.) Or gene is a semi-dominant, single-locus mutation. It induces the accumulation of high levels of beta-carotene in various tissues that are normally devoid of carotenoids, turning them orange. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we identified a single gene representing Or and successfully verified its identity by functional complementation in the wild type cauliflower. The Or gene encodes a plastid membrane protein containing the DnaJ zinc figure domain. A likely gain-of-function mutation from a 4.3-kb retrotransposon insertion in the Or allele confers the orange phenotype in the mutant. Southern blot analysis revealed that Or is a single-copy sequence in the cauliflower genome. High level of expression of the Or gene and the protein was found in very young leaves, curds, and flowers at comparable abundance between wild type and the Or mutant. Or likely functions in regulating the differentiation of some non-photosynthetic plastids into chromoplasts, which provide the deposition 'sink' for carotenoid accumulation. Successful demonstration of Or in conferring carotenoid accumulation in potato tubers indicates its potential use to improve the nutritional value in staple crops.

Base stations on an Internet protocol (IP) network define a number of paging areas. An IP mobile host assumes one of (i) an active state, wherein the host informs other network nodes of a change in its point of attachment from one base station to another, and (ii) a standby state wherein the host informs other nodes only when a new point of attachment is a base station of a different paging area from a last point of attachment, thus conserving power at the mobile host. When data on the network is addressed to a standby mobile host, a page request is directed to a base station(s) in the host's current paging area for transmission. The host enters the active state and transmits a page response which is received by a base station in the current paging area, and network routing information for the host is updated accordingly.

Paging of mobile hosts on an internet protocol network

Growing community of inventors

Ithaca, NY, United States of America

Li Li