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Kalininsky Politekhnichesky Institut Ussr

Lev B Sokolov

Savely A Zhizhilev

Vladimir A Nikiforov

Tatyana I Nikitina

Nison I Gelperin

Alexandr G Mukhometzyanov

Valentin M Savinov

Vasily Vladimirovich Korshak

Svetlana Vasilievna Vinogradova

Vladimir Z Nikonov

Jury Sergeevich Kochergin

Vladimir M Ivanov

Vadim B Igonin

Ljudmila Fedorovna Nebosenko

Andrei Alexandrovich Askadsky

Vitaly A Vasiliev

Nikolai Danilovich Zhuravlev

Abdulakh Kazbulatovich Mikitaev

Grigory Lvovich Slonimsky

Lidia A Klimenko

Olga I Mischenko

Larisa Borisovna Shirokova

Viktor I Rabinovich

Petr Maximilianovich Valetsky

Vikior I Rabinovich

Tatyana Vladimirovna Kudim

Ivan Pavlovich Storozhuk

Vyacheslav S Petrukhin

Fibrides of synthetic heterochain polymers are produced by a non-equilibrium polycondensation of an aqueous alkaline solution of bifunctional compounds supplied into the reaction zone as a continuous stream oriented in the horizontal plane of the reaction zone to be acylated with diacyl chlorides of dicarboxylic acids in the state of a superheated vapor with a carrier supplied into the reaction zone in the vertical plane, contacting the reagents being effected in a cross-current stream under shear stress conditions. An apparatus employed for carrying out the process for producing fibrides of synthetic heterochain polymers includes a vertically mounted cylindrical housing comprising a reaction chamber provided with means for admitting of the liquid phase of the starting products thereinto as a continuous flow oriented in the horizontal plane of reaction chamber; a chamber for generating the gas phase of the starting products positioned under the reaction chamber, and means for removing the reaction products from the reaction chamber provided in the upper part of the latter. The present invention is useful in the manufacture of synthetic paper for electroengineering applications, in aviation engineering, fuel filters for diesel engines, in the production of plastics, and non-woven materials in the textile and light industries.

Apparatus for producing fibrides of synthetic heterochain polymers

Fibrides of synthetic heterochain polymers are produced by a non-equilibrium polycondensation of an aqueous alkaline solution of bifunctional compounds supplied into the reaction zone as a continuous stream oriented in the horizontal plane of the reaction zone to be acylated with diacylchlorides of dicarboxylic acids in the state of a superheated vapor with a carrier supplied into the reaction zone in the vertical plane, the contacting of the reagents being effected in a cross-current stream under shear stress conditions. An apparatus employed for carrying out the process for producing fibrides of synthetic heterochain polymers includes a vertically mounted cylindrical housing comprising a reaction chamber provided with means for admitting the liquid phase of the starting products thereinto as a continuous flow oriented in the horizontal plane of the reaction chamber; a chamber for generating the gas phase of the starting products positioned under the reaction chamber, and means for removing the reaction products from the reaction chamber provided in the upper part of the latter. The present invention is useful in the manufacture of synthetic paper for electroengineering applications, in aviation engineering, fuel filters for diesel engines, in the production of plastics, and non-woven materials in the textile and light industries.

Gas/liquid interfacial preparation of polyamide fibrids

A method for preparing heterochain polymers, viz. polyamides or polyarylates which comprises an interphase polycondensation of diamines or bisphenols with dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids; said interphase polycondensation is performed by atomization of dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids in the form of an aerosol by means of a compressed gas into an aqueous solution of said diamines or bisphenols; concentration of said dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids in the aerosol is maintained within the range of from 0.4.times.10.sup.-4 to 2.times.10.sup.-4 mol/l of the gas; dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids which are solid under normal conditions are melted or dissolved prior to the atomization in organic solvents which are inert with respect to said dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids to a concentration of from 5 to 20 mol/l of the solvent; dihaloanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids which are liquid under normal conditions are fed directly to atomization; the desired product is then isolated from the suspension resulting from the interphase polycondensation. The method of the present invention makes it possible to substantially reduce (by 10 to 40 times) the consumption of an organic solvent or totally avoid its use in the process. It also makes possible to produce polymers in the form of fibrides thus making more simple and efficient the manufacture of synthetic paper and filter materials. The method of the present invention is technologically simple and can be performed both by a continuous and a periodic scheme.

Method for preparing heterochain polymers

A method of producing poly-p-phenyleneterephthalamide or its copolymers residing in that p-phenylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine and an aromatic diamine of the diphenyl series is/are disclosed in amide-salt solvents consisting of linear or cyclic N-alkyl-substituted amides of acids and of salts of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals soluble in said amides in amounts of 1-3 moles per mole of diamines; terephthalic acid dichloride or a mixture of terephthalic acid dichloride and aromatic acid dichloride of the diphenyl series are introduced into the solutions obtained at 0.degree.-20.degree. C. in amounts equimolar to those of the diamines, a reaction mixture being thus formed; tertiary amines are introduced into said reaction mixture in amounts 2-6 moles per mole of the initial diamines; the reaction mixture is stirred for 3-70 minutes and the end product is separated from the mass obtained. The method proposed herein is technologically simple and provides high-molecular polymeric products suitable for manufacturing heat-resistant, high-strength, and high-modulus fibres.

Method of producing poly-p-phenyleneterephthalamide or its copolymers

The present invention relates to novel compounds, viz. poly(arylate-sulphones) and to a method of preparing same. The compounds according to the present invention have the following formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a carbon-to-carbon bond in para- or meta-position; ##STR2## n, m are indices denoting statistical distribution of structures over the macrochain; n and m are statistical values ranging from 1 to 10; x is a statistical value ranging from 1 to 100; y = 3 to 20; z = 5 to 20. The method of preparing said poly-(arylate-sulphones) comprises polycondensation of dichloroanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids with a mixture of bisphenol of the formula: ##STR3## and an oligosulphone of the formula: ##STR4## wherein y = 3 to 20; ##STR5## said oligosulphone being contained in the mixture in an amount ranging from 3 to 97% by weight as calculated for the desired poly(arylate-sulphone). The reaction is conducted in a medium of chlorinated hydrocarbons, followed by isolation of the desired product. The poly(arylate-sulphones) according to the present invention have a melt viscosity within the range of from 10.sup.3.8 to 10.sup.5.0 poises at a temperature of 330.degree. C and a shear stress of 10.sup.6 dn/cm.sup.2, which substantially facilitates their processing into articles by injection-molding or extrusion; they also feature a high heat-resistance as well as high thermal and mechanical characteristics. The method according to the present invention makes it possible to prepare poly(arylate-sulphones) on existing commercial plants producing polyarylates without any changes in the process scheme.

Poly/arylate-sulphones/and method of preparing same

The method for preparing aromatic polyesters consists in the interaction between bis-phenols and dihalogenanhydrides of aromatic dicarboxylic acids taken at a molar ratio from 0.9 to 1.1, at a temperature from -10 to +30.degree.C, in the presence of alkali taken in the quantity of 2 - 2.5 moles per mole of bis-phenols, in a system water-organic liquid, at their volume ratio from 0.2 to 5; said organic liquid is capable of dissolving dihalogenanhydrides of dicarboxylic acids, is chamically inactive towards the starting components, and is miscible with water in the quantity of not less than 25 per cent. The process is carried out in the presence of water-soluble salts of metals standing in the first and the second groups of the Periodic System, taken either separately or in combination, in the quantity from 5 to 45 per cent by weight with respect to the weight of water taken for the reaction. The reaction mixture which is formed, is emulsion containing the end product. The emulsion is ready for direct use. The end product in the form of solution can also be obtained. To that end the reaction mixture containing the end product is allowed to stand to separate into two phases, namely into an aqueous and an organic phase. The organic phase is a solution of the end product in a mixture with the organic liquid and water. The settled out phases are separated. The obtained solution is ready for direct use. The end product can also be prepared in the form of powder, for which purpose the reaction mixture, containing the end product is mixed with water in the quantity from 30 to 200 per cent of the volume of the reaction mixture. The obtained suspension is passed through a filter to isolate the end product. The proposed method provides for the preparation of high-molecular aromatic polyesters at yields to 99.7 per cent.

Method for preparing aromatic polyesters

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Lev B Sokolov