United Technologies Corporation

L.h. Kosowsky & Associates, Inc.

Personnel Protection Technologies LLC

Other

Otis Elevator Company

Personnel Protection Technoloties LLC

Lester H Kosowsky

Peter E Raber

Arthur C Levitan

Frederick Kubick

Leo Botwin

Brian J Horais

Richard Gryzbowski

Systems and methods are provided for recognizing a human being behind a barrier using a radar image. A millimeter band radar assembly captures radar returns from a region of interest, at least a portion of which is separated from the millimeter band radar assembly by the barrier. A system control processes the radar returns to provide at least one radar image showing the amplitude of the radar return in each of a plurality of locations within the region of interest. The system control includes a sensitivity tuning component that adjusts a noise floor for the processed sensor data to provide an image of the at least one radar image tuned to maximize the visibility of the human being. A display provides the radar image to a user.

Imaging system for locating human beings through barriers

Systems and methods are provided for imaging a region of interest in an obscured environment. A millimeter band radar assembly is configured to capture a radar image of the region of interest. A data source provides a representation of at least a portion of the region of interest. A data fusion module is configured to combine the radar image and the representation of the region of interest to provide an enhanced representation of the region of interest.

Imaging system for obscured environments

Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. One method comprises illuminating a target with radiation at a first polarization, collecting first radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the first polarization, illuminating a target with radiation at a second polarization, and collecting second radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the second polarization. A threat determination is then made based on the difference between the energy values of the first and second collected radiations. In other embodiments, the difference between energy values is used in conjunction with an evaluation of the returned energy in comparison with returned energy from other targets in order to additionally assess whether the primary target is a threat.

Methods and apparatus for detecting threats using radar

Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. Methods comprise transmitting radar signals in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the energy in reflected signals, dynamically generating a threat threshold value from signals received from multiple areas and comparing the energy in the reflected signals corresponding to different areas to the generated threat threshold value. The threat threshold value may be generated by averaging the weighted reflected energy measured from different areas during a single scan of a region including the different areas. The contribution to the threshold from different areas is weighted in some embodiments as a function of the distance from the transmitter and/or receiver to the particular area. Analysis of areas and treating different areas as segments facilitates accurate analysis and display of threat information.

Methods and apparatus for detecting threats in different areas

Methods and Apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat, and alerting against detected threats, such as individuals wearing or carrying explosive materials and/or weapons, e.g., suicide bombers and other terrorists, at a great enough distance to limit loss of life and destruction of property are disclosed. The methods comprise transmitting a signal in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the detected reflected signal, and comparing the signal level with a threshold indicative of a threat. A monitor is employed to display the threat and attributes of the detected signals. The invention further illuminates the suspicious individual(s) with a Laser illuminator/designator and provides information about the distance to the suspicious individual(s).

Methods and apparatus for detecting concealed weapons

Modulating digital data onto a carrier frequency and then amplitude modulating the result with a waveform of a different frequency permits measuring position and velocity of an elevator cab while transmitting digital data to the cab.

Multi-purpose sensor and data link

A radar system for a helicopter having a mast and a plurality of blades coupled to the mast by shaft portions of the blades includes a transmitter and a receiver respectively transmitting and receiving a pulsed radar beam through a feed horn, a generator for generating the radar beam energy for transmission by the transmitter, a processor, a display, and a passive reflectarray deposited on the underside of at least one blade of the helicopter. The reflectarray is a preferably flat array of passive microstrip elements which can impart a phase to the radar beam. A typical microstrip element is a patch whose dimensions may be controlled, and the size of which determines the phase for the location within the array of that element. The reflectarray is provided with a pattern which is designed to scatter the radar beam in a desired shape and direction to produce uniform mapping of the terrain over which the helicopter travels. According to another embodiment, a passive reflectarray is provided to the underside of at least one blade, while another passive reflect is provided to the topside of at least one blade, thereby permit both terrain and sky mapping. The radar system of the invention provides a radar system utilizing a lightweight and inexpensive passive radar reflector for use on helicopters of all sizes, and achieves 360.degree. coverage.

Helicopter rotorblade radar system

An arrangement for modifying impressed radars signals with an internally generated signal to establish a misrepresentative return signal which is confusing as to actual range, size and position.

Ferroelectric panel

Dual radome arrangement (15) comprising inner and outer layers (14,16) respectively transmissive to both modes of radiation operable in a detection system (11), and only one of the modes of radiation, and the outer layer (16) being selectively removable.

Multi-spectral radome

In a multimode or multispectral electromagnetic detection system (11), a pair of rotatable scanning prisms (13' and 13'), each of said prisms comprising at least a pair of cooperative subprisms (13'a, 13'b, 13'a and 13'b), and the cooperative materials of the subprism being selected so as to ensure that electromagnetic radiation passing through the pair of rotatable prisms is equally deviated in a transverse direction.

Multimode, multispectral scanning and detection

A multimode, multispectral antenna system (14) for detecting radiation from selected target regions in each of at least a pair of selected spectrum bandwidths through collimating lens (35), and rotatable, cooperative prisms (21) effective for collimating and scanning beams of radiation controllably with respect to said target regions.

Multimode, multispectral antenna

A method of constructing rotatable scanning prisms (13' and 13') for a multimode detection system (13), each including first and second subprisms (respectively 13'a, 13'b and 13'a, 13'b); the method including the steps of chosing an apex angle for one of said subprisms, determining therefrom apex angles at first and second wavelengths for each of said subprisms, and evaluating whether the differences of apex angles at said several wavelengths are acceptably small.

Multifrequency rotatable scanning prisms

A reference grid for a map matching missile guidance system is generated from a vertically polarized radar map and a horizontally polarized radar map, both of which represent radar returns from a preselected ground area. In generating this reference grid, illuminating radar pulses are alternately fed to a horizontal aperture and vertical aperture of a mapping radar. Horizontal radar returns and vertical radar returns are processed in separate channels to form a radar map of the ground area containing the target to which the missile is to be directed. A pixel-by-pixel comparison of the data in each map is performed to create a polarization diverse map which is essentially those returns from man-made objects. This map is then used by the missile guidance system as a reference grid for a final fix by which the missile obtains its final course orientation enroute to the target.

Growing community of inventors

Stamford, CT, United States of America

Lester H Kosowsky