Ari Technologies, Inc.

Air Resources, Inc.

Other

National Seal Company

Air Revources, Inc.

Leslie C Hardison

Gary J Nagl

Edward J Dowd

Derek McManus

Joseph P Eng

William K Hunter

Kenneth A Sandstrom

Moving pictures, as exemplified by ordinary television programming, are viewed stereoscopically when viewed using a special eyewear apparatus which includes a prismatic lens construction. The three dimensional effect is produced by the design of the eyewear to redirect the visual tracking of one or both eyes away from the normal convergent angle used when viewing display screens to a wider angle, which is normally associated with viewing objects at a greater distance that the display screen. This causes the eyes to perceive two distinct views of the single picture on the screen, which are interpreted by the viewer's brain, not as two laterally displaced pictures, but as a single picture with elements of depth, or a 3D picture.

Eyewear system, apparatus and method for stereoscopically viewing motion pictures

Moving pictures, as may be exemplified by television programming, are viewed stereoscopically. The system preferably comprises a visual display screen upon which may be displayed a left-to-right reversed visual display. A reflecting surface is positioned opposite the visual display screen for reflecting imagery from the visual display screen toward the viewer. The reflected imagery provides a reflected left-to-right correct visual display. The visual display screen is spaced from the reflecting surface such that the viewer's perception of the visual display screen causes the viewer to focus on a point behind the reflecting surface thereby requiring the viewer to perceive laterally offset reflections of the visual display screen at the reflecting surface. In one embodiment, a cabinet assembly enables the viewer or user to selectively position the visual display screen relative to the primary reflecting surface for enhancing the perception of depth in imagery effected by the perceived laterally offset reflections.

System for stereoscopically viewing motion pictures

A fluid contacting apparatus is constructed by coiling a ribbed, net-like material into a cylindrical core which is then placed in a retaining vessel through which fluids flow.

Fluid contacting apparatus and methods of making the same

A packed mass transfer tower for establishing intimate gas-liquid contact and efficient mass transfer that is less susceptible to gas or liquid channeling, gas surging and uneven distribution of gas or liquid across the cross-sectional area of the tower. In one embodiment, the packed tower includes a packing arrangement including a loosely packed bed of mobile packing material, and an adjacent, tightly packed bed of mobile packing material. The relatively tightly packed bed of mobile packing material acts as a gas distributor, as well as being a material that causes good gas-liquid contact, to provide an even flow of gas across essentially the entire cross-sectional area of the loosely packed bed of mobile packing material. In another embodiment, mobile packing elements and fixed packing elements are intermixed between the same spaced fluid-pervious grids. In the second embodiment, the fixed packing elements hug the lower pervious grid to evenly distribute gas and liquid to the mobile packing elements that are aerated above the fixed packing elements during mass transfer.

Multi-bed mass transfer column with mobile packing

A process for removal of dissolved H.sub.2 S from condensed geothermal steam that includes the steps of cooling and oxygenating the sour steam condensate by contacting the sour condensate with air in a cooling tower; collecting the oxygenated condensate in a cooling tower collection basin and initially adding a polyvalent metal chelate catalyst, e.g., iron chelate catalyst solution, to the sour condensate at a very low concentration, e.g., about 0.1 ppm to about 10 ppm, preferably about 0.5 ppm to about 1 ppm by weight, and periodically or continuously adding, to the solution, a chelating agent for the polyvalent metal to account for chelon degradation to maintain active polyvalent metal chelate solution at a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 10 ppm, preferably about 0.5 ppm to about 1 ppm by weight. The dissolved H.sub.2 S is removed, by oxidation to sulfur, without the addition of polyvalent metal, e.g., iron, to the solution, and without blowdown of the condensate circulated through the cooling tower.

Removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour water without loss of heavy metal

A packed mass transfer tower for establishing intimate gas-liquid contact and efficient mass transfer that is less susceptible to gas or liquid channeling, gas surging and uneven distribution of gas or liquid across the cross-sectional area of the tower. The packed tower includes a mobile bed mass transfer stage including a packed bed of mobile packing material, such as hollow spheres.

Multi-bed cocurrent downflow mass transfer column with spherical packing

Sour water is treated to remove dissolved hydrogen sulfide by means of an aqueous, non-chelated polyvalent metal solution in a continuous recirculating system, particularly an autocirculation system, having reaction and oxygenation zones. The solution contains a small catalytic amount of polyvalent metal, e.g., ferrous or ferric iron salts, and the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulfur in the liquid phase, without chelating agent solution, by means of dissolved oxygen in the solution. The sour water feed to the reaction zone is diluted by a massive recycle of oxygenated solution from the oxygenation zone before the sour water is contacted with air or other oxidizing gas used for oxygenating the used solution. A portion of the oxygenated solution containing polyvalent metal, without added chelating agent, is removed as the sweet water product, and replacement polyvalent metal is added. The operating variables are controlled to maintain in the solution a predetermined polyvalent metal content and an effective dissolved oxygen content, and also to maintain a predetermined residence time so as to obtain high efficiency of hydrogen sulfide removal.

Removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour water

An apparatus and method of contacting a liquid with different gases sequentially in separate mass transfer zones within a single vessel, the mass transfer zones operatively connected in liquid communication with each other, including intimately contacting the liquid with a first process gas in cocurrent flow in a first mass transfer zone to effect mass transfer between the first liquid and the process gas, and introducing the liquid into a second mass transfer zone with a second gas, different from the first gas, in cocurrent flow with the second liquid, thereby effecting mass transfer between the second liquid and the second gas. The rate of flow of the liquid from said first mass transfer zone to second mass transfer zone and recirculation to the first mass transfer zone is motivated by the difference in density of the contents of the liquid phase portion of each mass transfer zone and a following liquid downcomer or flow channel connecting it to the next sequential mass transfer zone, such that after passing through the last mass transfer zone, the liquid recirculates to the first mass transfer zone. The apparatus and method are ideally suited to carrying out the process of hydrogen sulfide removal from gases by means of an air-regenerated liquid redox catalyst, such as chelated iron.

Continuous autocirculation, multiple zone mass transfer apparatus and

A method and apparatus for removing H.sub.2 S from a process gas, including a reaction chamber between an absorption chamber and an oxidizer chamber, in the polyvalent metal redox catalyzed removal of H.sub.2 S from a process gas. The process and apparatus of the present invention inclues a first gas-liquid mass transfer zone or absorber chamber for intimately containing an H.sub.2 S-containing process gas with an oxidized polyvalent metal redox solution for absorption of the H.sub.2 S; and a reaction chamber in fluid communication with polyvalent metal redox solution exiting the absorption chamber through a valve-controlled cross-flow conduit. Cross flow of solution from the absorber chamber through a valve or other circulation control device to the reaction chamber provides controlled, continuous and sequential gas-liquid contact with two or more different gases in separate absorption, reaction and oxygenation zones within a single or multiple vessels.

Continuous process for mass transfer of a liquid reagent with two

The in situ formation of a supported active metal phthalocyanine catalyst is disclosed. The supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst is useful in sweetening sour petroleum distillates containing mercaptans.

Method of making a metal phthalocyanine catalyst

A method and apparatus including a reaction chamber interposed in a polyvalent metal redox solution flow path between an absorber chamber and an oxygenation chamber, including one or more oxygenation stages, for contact in the reaction chamber of H.sub.2 S-laden catalytic polyvalent metal redox solution form the absorber chamber with highly oxidized polyvalent metal redox solution from the last oxygenation stage to accomplish oxidation of the dissolved H.sub.2 S species by interaction with the oxidized redox catalyst essentially in the absence of gaseous dissolved oxygen. The highly oxidized polyvalent metal redox solution, including Fe.sup.+3 or V.sup.+5, contacts the H.sub.2 S-laden solution from the absorber chamber for reoxidation of the dissolved HS.sup.-, S.sup.= and any of the polyvalent metal sulfur compounds (presumably a chelated iron sulfide or a vanadium sulfide), to avoid formation of sulfate or thiosulfate salts which reduce the yeild of sulfur and build up in the solution. To avoid the formation of crystals of iron sulfide or crystals of vanadium sulfide, thereby avoiding loss of polyvalent metal, the residence time of the redox solution after contact with the H.sub.2 S-containing gas and prior to contacting with the oxidized metal redox solution is limited to a relatively short time. Flow of solution from the last oxygenation stage, preferably through a valve or other circulation control device, to the reaction chamber provides controlled and continuous elemental sulfur formation in the reaction chamber.

Process and apparatus for removal of H.sub.2 S with separate absorber

A catalytic polyvalent metal redox solution can be recovered and re-used in a catalytic polyvalent metal redox solution H.sub.2 S-removal, sulfur production process by interposing a closed loop evaporator/condenser process and apparatus in the sulfur washing/filtering/recovery process and apparatus so that wash water used to purify the sulfur, and any polyvalent metal redox solution recovered from the sulfur melter are fed to an evaporator to concentrate the redox solution to a concentration capable of effective absorption of H.sub.2 S, and the water evaporated in the evaporator is condensed as pure water for use in washing and/or filtering the recovered sulfur.

Method and apparatus for removing H.sub.2 S from a process gas and

Sour water is treated to remove dissolved hydrogen sulfide by means of an aqueous chelated polyvalent metal solution in a continuous recirculating system, particularly an autocirculation system, having reaction and oxygenation zones. The solution contains a small catalytic amount of chelated polyvalent metal, and the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is catalytically oxidized to sulfur in the liquid phase by means of dissolved oxygen in the solution. The sour water feed to the reaction zone is diluted by a massive recycle of oxygenated solution from the oxygenation zone before the sour water is contacted with air or other oxidizing gas used for oxygenating the used solution. A portion of the oxygenated solution containing chelated polyvalent metal is removed as the sweet water product, and replacement chelated polyvalent metal is added. The operating variables are controlled to maintain in the solution a predetermined polyvalent metal content and an effective dissolved oxygen content, and also to maintain a predetermined residence time so as to obtain high efficiency of hydrogen sulfide removal.

Method and apparatus for recovering sulfur from an aqueous slurry. The slurry is passed downwardly through a shell-and-tube heat exchanger having vertically arranged tubes, wherein it is heated sufficiently to melt the sulfur. The liquid mixture leaving the heat exchanger is discharged into a first separation zone, in which a phase separation between the lighter aqueous phase and the denser liquid sulfur occurs. The upper aqueous phase is then transported to an intermediate point in the height of a vertically elongated second separation zone, while the molten sulfur is transported from the lower end of the first separation zone to a point adjacent the lower end of said second separation zone, in which an interface between the phases is maintained at a point below the entry point of the aqueous liquid phase into the second separation zone. The aqueous liquid is discharged from the top of the second separation zone, while molten sulfur is discharged from the bottom of said zone.

Method and apparatus for melting and recovering sulfur in aqueous

Apparatus for contacting a liquid reaction solution with a gas in separate reaction chambers within a single reaction vessel wherein the liquid reaction solution is continuously circulated between a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber within the reaction vessel but providing at least two side-by-side reaction chambers in open flow communication at their upper and lower ends with a gas supply means associated with each said chamber for introducing a gas in a finely divided form into the lower ends of each said chamber, and said gas supply means including flow control means whereby the rate of upward flow of gas in one of the chambers is greater than the rate of upward flow of gas in the other chamber so as to lower the density of the liquid reaction solution in the one chamber and provide continuous upward flow of liquid reaction solution and gas in the one chamber and downward flow of liquid reaction solution countercurrent to the flow of gas in the other chamber. The process and apparatus are particularly adapted for continuously carrying out two distinct chemical reactions between a liquid reaction solution and two different gases in a single reaction vessel, such as a catalytic oxidation-reduction process for removing hydrogen sulfide gas from a process gas stream.

Growing community of inventors

Barrington, IL, United States of America

Leslie C Hardison