Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Basf Aktiengsellschaft

Leopold Hupfer

Norbert Goetz

Wolfgang Hoelderich

Juergen Paetsch

Fritz Graf

Franz Merger

Walter Himmele

Franz J Broecker

Herbert Toussaint

Jochem Henkelmann

Karl Baer

Wolfgang Franzischka

Kurt Schneider

Ernest Miesen

Werner Hoffmann

Herwig Hoffmann

Irene Troetsch-Schaller

Wolfgang Schwarz

Bernd Heida

Wolfgang Schroeder

Martin Decker

Ferdinand Lippert

Peter Hettinger

Gerhard Wickenhaeuser

Harald Schultheiss

Thomas M Kahl

Rolf Hartmuth Fischer

Bernd Wolf

Hans Theobald

Bernd Zeeh

Peter Zehner

Hartwig Voss

Thomas Wettling

Jochen Wild

Walter Gramlich

Hans Kiefer

Rudolf Kropp

Siegfried Winderl

Arthur Hohn

Hans D Zettler

Wolfgang Spiegler

Heinz Auer

Dieter Voges

Michael Steiniger

Heinz Engelbach

Manfred Baumann

Harald Laas

Wolfgang Reiss

Michael Jolyon Sprague

Helmut Lermer

Hermann Koehler

Heino Thiele

Gerhard Paul

Bernd Meissner

Erwin Brunner

Peter Tavs

Guenter Zirker

Klaus Bittins

Martin Schafer

Peter Jacobs

Ulrich Eiden

Thomas-Michael Kahl

Dietrich Wolff

Manfred Herr

Guenther Mueller

Johann Hotz

Rolf Ramsteiner

Heribert Deck

Wilhelm Haarde

Karl Wilhelm Leonhard

Carbonylation of olefins

Preparation of methyl formate by the reaction of carbon monoxide and methanol under conditions of elevated pressure and temperature in the presence of an alkali metal methylate, in which

Preparation of methyl formate

A process for preparing formic acid by thermal cleavage of quaternary ammonium formates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 - to C.sub.14 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.16 -aralkyl, or together are 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted one to four times by C.sub.1 -to C.sub.4 -alkyl, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in the quaternary ammonium formates I is 7 to 40, comprises carrying out the cleavage in the presence of secondary formamides of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.16 -aralkyl, or together are 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted one to four times by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl, which formamides boil 30.degree. to 150.degree. C. lower than the tertiary amine of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings, contained in the formate I.

Preparation of formic acid by thermal cleavage of quaternary ammonium

Phenylacetaldehydes of the structure (I) ##STR1## where the substituents X are 2,4-dichloro, difluoro, trifluoro, tetrafluoro, p-trifluoromethyl, 2-methyl-4-fluoro, haloalkoxy or haloalkylthio radicals or are adjacent Cl, F, CF.sub.3, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and/or haloalkylthio radicals.

Phenylacetaldehydes and the preparation of phenylacetaldehydes

A process for the preparation of a carboxylic chloride of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkynyl, from a carboxylic acid of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R has the meanings stated, and phosgene COCl.sub.2 (III), in the presence of a catalyst adduct comprising phosgene and N,N-disubstituted formamide of the general formula IV ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a C.sub.4 - or C.sub.5 -alkylene chain which may or may not be interrupted by an oxygen atom or by a nitrogen atom carrying a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl group or CHO, the product being isolated by phase separation, wherein the amount of phosgene added to the formamide (IV) is from 20 to 70% molar, based on the formamide.

Preparation of carboxylic chlorides

To remove phosgene from off-gases, the former is reacted in a washing zone with a liquid which contains or is composed of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are each aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n is 4 or 5, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- where m is 3, 4 or 5. The liquid can be regenerated by the addition of water, and the regenerated liquid can be returned to the washing zone.

Removal of phosgene from off-gases

The preparation of an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl chloride by the reaction of a corresponding alcohol with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of a phosphine oxide acting as catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or cyclic/aliphatic phosphine oxide.

Preparation of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl chlorides

Trialkylamines and methyl formate are recovered from reaction mixtures obtained in the preparation of trimethylolalkanes by reaction of n-alkanals with from 2.2 to 4.5 moles of formaldehyde in aqueous solution in the presence of from 0.6 to 3 mole of trialkylamine, each quantity based on 1 mole of alkanal, and subsequent hydrogenation in a process wherein the crude reaction mixture

Recovery of trialkylamines and methyl formate from mixtures obtained in

Vinyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical to or different from one another, each being hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl of up to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene of from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl, aralkyl and aralkenyl of from 6 to 16 carbon atoms, halogen-substituted aryl or heterocyclyl, and in addition the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a cycloalkane, cycloalkene or a heterocycle, and R.sup.4 is alkyl, alkylaryl or aralkyl, are prepared by eliminating an alcohol from an acetal/ketal of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, in the presence of a phosphate of zeolite structure and/or a precipitated phosphate of the elements B, Zr, Ce or Fe and/or phosphoric acid or boric acid on carrier material and/or acidic undoped metal oxide as catalyst, the reaction being preferably carried out in the gas phase.

Preparation of vinyl ethers

Aqueous glyoxal solutions which contain organic acids are purified by means of a membrane cell comprising two or more compartments by passing the glyoxal solution through at least one of the cell compartments separated from the neighboring compartment(s) by anion exchange membranes and by passing the aqueous solution of a base through at least one of the neighboring compartments.

Purification of aqueous glyoxal solutions

Phenylacetaldehydes of the general formula I ##STR1## where each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 is independently of the others hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio or cycloalkyl, are prepared by converting glycidic esters of the general formula II ##STR2## where each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 is as defined above and R.sup.6 is tertbutyl or i-propyl, in the presence of zeolites and/or phosphates and/or phosphoric or boric acid on a carrier material and/or acidic metal oxides as catalysts.

Preparation of phenylacetaldehydes

Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from epoxides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy or aralkyl and R.sup.3 has the same meanings or is hydrogen, by a catalytic rearrangement reaction in the presence of various catalysts, in particular zeolites of the pentasil type.

Preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones BU conversion of epoxides

.alpha.-Ketocarboxylic esters ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical to or different from one another and are each hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy cycloalkyl or halogen and R.sup.6 is unbranched lower alkyl, are prepared by reacting glycidic esters of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each as defined above, in the presence of zeolites or phosphates and/or phosphoric acid or boric acid on a carrier material and/or acidic metal oxides as catalysts and are used for preparing phenylacetic esters.

Preparation of .alpha.-ketocarboxylic esters

Enol ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## are prepared by eliminating the radical R.sup.4 OH from acetals or ketals of the formula II ##STR2## where the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-substituted aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.16 aralkyl,

Preparation of enol ethers

Phenylethanols of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, fluorine, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, are prepared by reacting epoxides of the formula ##STR2## where R is as defined above, in the presence of hydrogen over zeolites and/or phosphates, doped with hydrogenating metal as catalysts, preferably over zeolites of the pentasil type.

Preparation of phenylethanols

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Leopold Hupfer