Shell Oil Comapny

Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc.

Leonardus Petrus

Barend Mastenbroek

Philip J De Smedt

Jean-Paul Lange

Maarten M Geuze

Eit Drent

Johannes A Van Broekhoven

Hendrik Dirkzwager

Peter Arnoldy

James A Salter

Hendrik Stichter

Hans A Stil

Gerrit G Rosenbrand

Peter John Van Den Brink

Klaas Lambertus Von Hebel

Anthonius J Breed

Pieter A Gautier

Rene Johan Haan

Coenraad H Wilms

Simon A Van Langen

Catharina Johanna Maria Petrus-Hoogenbosch, Legal Representative

Pablo Poveda-Martinez

Philip J Maurice De Smedt

The invention provides a process for the hydrogenation of a reactant selected from the group consisting of: at the ring-closing carbon atom and has a proton at a The invention further provides a fuel composition, preferably a diesel composition, comprising di-alkyl 4-methylnonanedioate or di-alkyl 3-ethyl-4-methylheptanedioate.

Process for the hydrogenation of a lactone or of a carboxylic acid or an ester having a gamma-carbonyl group

A process for reactive distillation wherein a carboxylic acid is reacted in a reaction section of a reactive distillation column with an alcohol under esterifying conditions in the presence of a catalyst to form an ester, wherein a first supply stream comprising the carboxylic acid, a second supply stream comprising the alcohol and a third supply stream comprising an inert entrainer are supplied to the reactive distillation column, wherein the first supply stream is supplied to the column at a first entry level located just above or at the top of the reaction section, the second supply stream is supplied to the column at a second entry level located in or just below the reaction section and below the first entry level, and the third supply stream is supplied to the column at a third entry level located in or below the reaction section and not above the second entry level and wherein a bottom stream comprising the ester formed and unreacted carboxylic acid is obtained and a top stream comprising unreacted alcohol, water and entrainer is obtained.

Process for reactive distillation of a carboxylic acid

A manufacturing process for the preparation of &#x3b1;,&#x3b1;-branched alkane carboxylic acids, by reacting a mono-olefin or a precursor thereof, with carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong acid catalyst characterized in that the starting olefin is a dimmer C8 or trimer C12 derived from n-butene, which predominantly comprise 2-butene, that the acid catalyst is composed of BF/HPOin a molar ratio of BF:HPOin the range of from 0.5:1.0 to 5.0:1.0, or of CFSOH, that the weight ratio of the catalyst relative to the mono-olefin is in the range of from 1:1 to 10:1, that the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 140&#xb0; C., and with an initial water content in the catalyst system in the range of from 8 to 25 wt %; and vinyl esters and glycidyl esters derived from said carboxylic acids.

Manufacturing process for the preparation of &#x3b1;,&#x3b1;-branched alkane carboxylic acids providing esters with an improved softness

A process is provided for manufacture of branched carboxylic acids from branched olefins by means of reaction with carbon monoxide and a solid acid catalyst. In this process, a branched olefin, or a precursor thereof, is reacted in continuously backmixed reactor, with continuously supplied carbon monoxide and water, while continuously an effluent is withdrawn comprising branched carboxylic acid, non-converted olefin, carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger, having sufficient acid groups to provide requisite protons for conversion of the olefin or a precursor of it, and carbon monoxide into branched carboxylic acids.

Process for the manufacture of carboxylic acids

Novel, linear alternating polymer compositions of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon having a relatively wide molecular weight range are produced by contacting ethylene and unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a polymerization catalyst under different polymerization conditions of temperature and pressure. One set of polymerization conditions will have a higher reaction temperature and a lower reaction pressure than another.

Polymerization of co/olefin with sets of temperature/pressure conditions

An improved process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon in a large scale reactor equipped with a stirring device under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition and liquid reaction diluent, which is characterized by the provision of a certain minimum power density by the stirring device to the polymer suspension formed during polymerization. The linear alternating polymer so produced will have an improved bulk density.

Copolymerization of co/olefin by transmitting power to polymer slurry

In an improved start-up procedure for the continuous production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon, by contacting the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus, the start-up period is shortened when the reaction mixture at the start of continuous operation contains previously prepared linear alternating polymer.

Batch/continuous polymerization of olefin/carbon monoxide

In an improved continuous process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon under polymerization conditions in the presence of a reaction diluent and a catalytic quantity of a catalyst composition formed from a compound of palladium, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus, an improved start-up procedure is employed in which the catalyst composition concentration in the reaction diluent is increased until steady state polymerization is reached.

Polymerization of CO/olefin with increased catalyst composition

An improved process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon comprises the continuous process wherein the carbon monoxide and ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon are contacted under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition formed from a compound of palladium, a non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus, the molar ratio of the acid to palladium being below 6.

Polymerization of CO/olefin with molar ratio of non hydrohalogenic acid

An improved process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a reaction diluent and a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus, nitrogen or sulfur comprises conducting a first polymerization to produce a prepolymer and completing the polymerization at a lower temperature in the presence of sufficient prepolymer to constitute a substantial proportion of the polymerization mixture.

Polymerization of CO/olefin with two distinct temperatures

Carbon monoxide/olefin copolymer having wide molecular weight

An improved process for the production of linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus, nitrogen or sulfur comprises conducting the polymerization in a continuous manner in two or more reactors connected in series.

Continuous polymerization of Co/olefin in plurality of reactors in series

A process for the pulping of lignocellulose-containing material, wherein the material is contacted with a pulping medium containing at least 75% by weight of a solvent system, which solvent system comprises from 20 to 95% by weight formic acid; from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one member selected from primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and esters of formic acid with primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and up to 70% by weight of at least one component selected from acetic acid and esters of acetic acid with primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and allowing the material to digest at a temperature in ther range of from 140.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Process for pulping lignocellulose-containing material

Process for the carbonylation of olefins with CO in the presence of water, an alcohol and/or a carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst composition based on

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Amsterdam, Netherlands

Leonardus Petrus