Dynapol Corporation

Leland Stanford Junior University

Leonard A Bunes

Ned M Weinshenker

Grant E DuBois

Robert E Wingard

Patricia C Wang

William S Johnson

Rebecca A Stephenson

Roman Davis

Paul S Dietrich

Glucosubstituented diterpenoid compounds analogous to stevioside, rebaudosides C and A, steviolmonoside and steviolbioside but having their gluco units substituted with simple monoglycosidic polar groups and optionally having their C.sub.19 carboxyls as simple esters are disclosed. These materials are sweet and do not degrade under mammalian GI tract conditions.

Glucosubstituented diterpenoid sweeteners

2-Alkoxyethanols, particularly 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol, aqueous solvents based thereon are disclosed as advantageous solvents for the liquid phase coupling of sulfaryl halides to polymeric amines.

Alkoxyethanols as solvents for coupling sulfonyl halides to polymeric

Polymeric red colors having the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates, and R.sub.4 is an alkyl-containing polymer linking a plurality (n) of anthraquinones into a polymeric colorant are disclosed to be used as nonabsorbable colorants for edibles and cosmetics. They may also be used in such substrates as lakes.

Products including edibles colored with polymeric red colors

Polymeric red colors

A process for preparing a family of orange polymeric colorants having a plurality of units of the chromophore ##STR1## is disclosed. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogens, lower alkyls or alkoxies, nitros, halos or sulfonates, R.sub.3 is benzyl, benzyl sulfonate, lower alkyl or alkyl sulfonate, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl. With the disclosed process, the chromophore units, less the R.sub.3 substituent, are bonded to an organic polymer backbone. The R.sub.3 substituent is added thereafter in a separate second step.

Process for preparing orange polymeric colorants

Red colors having the anthraquinone structure ##STR1## are disclosed wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates. Precursors are disclosed as well. In a preferred embodiment R.sub.4 is an alkyl-containing polymer linking a plurality of anthraquinones into a polymeric colorant especially useful as a nonabsorbable colorant for edibles.

Anthraquinone colorants

Method and compounds are provided for use in the synthesis of steroids wherein a polyolefin is provided having an initiating group having a chalcogen atom in juxtaposition to a double bond, so as to be capable of bond formation to close to form a ring and having a terminating group involving pi unsaturation (a double or triple bond) conjugated to an aromatic ring. Upon acid catalysis, sigma bonds are formed through the interaction of a carbocation formed at the carbon atom bonded to the chalcogen atom and the double bond intermediate the initiating group and the terminating group, which close to form rings of a steroid nucleus, the carbocation interacting with the pi unsaturation conjugated with the aromatic group and being captured by a nucleophile present in the acidic reaction medium. The resulting steroid product may then be modified in known ways to produce known steroids.

Synthesis of steroids

Polymeric orange colors are disclosed having a noncrosslinked organic polymer backbone to which is covalently bonded a plurality of chromophores having a particular anthrapyridine structure. The colors are represented structurally as ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates; R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyls and alkylsulfonates; R.sub.5 is a lower alkyl or lower alkyl sulfonate and R.sub.4 is a noncrosslinked organic polymer linking a plurality (k) of said anthrapyridines into a polymeric colorant. The polymeric colorants are especially useful as nonabsorbable orange colorants for edibles.

Polymeric aminoanthrapyridine orange colors

Orange colors having the anthrapyridine structure ##STR1## are disclosed wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from among hydrogen, halos, lower alkyls, lower alkoxies, nitros, and sulfonates, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from hydrogens, alkyls and alkylsulfonates of 1 through 3 carbon atoms and R.sub.5 is a lower alkyl or lower alkyl sulfonate.

Orange anthrapyridine monomeric colorants and colorant precursors

Red colors

Phenolic polymers formed by the reaction of divinylbenzene with a mixture of hydroxyanisole, tertiary butylhydroquinone, tertiary butyl phenol and bisphenol A (and optionally para-cresol) under condensation conditions in the presence of a phenol ortho alkylation catalyst are disclosed. These materials find use as oil-soluble antioxidants especially for edibles.

Growing community of inventors

San Carlos, CA, United States of America

Leonard A Bunes