E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Conoco Inc.

Gevo, Inc.

Bioamber International S.a.r.l.

Other

Bioamber Inc.

Conocophillips Company

Cool Planet Energy Systems, Inc.

Segetis, Inc.

Michigan State University

University of Delaware

Invista North America S.a.r.l.

Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC

E. I. Du Pont Nemours and Co.

E. I. Du Pont De Nemours + Company

Leo E Manzer

V N Rao

Brian Terry Keen

Bernard Duane Dombek

Olan Stanley Fruchey

Brooke Albin

Nye Clinton

Dilum D Dunuwila

Kostantinos Kourtakis

Norman Herron

Patrick R Gruber

Matthew W Peters

David E Henton

Joshua D Taylor

Josefa M Griffith

Yassin Al Obaidi

Paul R Resnick

Steven Henry Swearingen

James L Webster

Kamel M Makar

Elrey L McCann

Douglas W Bruhnke

Wenchun Chao

Munirpallam A Subramanian

Brooke A Albin

Hari Babu Sunkara

Han Suk Kim

Keith Ward Hutchenson

Rajashekharam Malyala

Mark Lahman Jarand

Richard Wilson Belcher

William H Manogue

Richard W Wilson

Stephan Schwarz

Jan J Lerou

Swiatoslaw Trofimenko

Edwin J Warwas

Haijun Wan

Michael A Sisk

Richard T Rockwell

Roy Winteringham

Cameron Cheyne

Brian Daniel Mullen

Munirpallam Appadorai Subramanian

Frank J Weigert

James F White

Ranko Panayotov Bontchev

Cora Leibig

Frederick N Tebbe

Eugene Michael McCarron

Howard Chung-Ho Ng

Cristobal Bonifaz

Ernest Keith Andrew Marchildon

Michael C Cheiky

Carl G Krespan

Vladimir Grushin

Dennis J Miller

James Arthur Trainham

William H Gumprecht

Robert L Augustine

Henry C Foley

Setrak K Tanielyan

Howard Alper

Ajoy P Raje

Charles J Brandenburg

Jonathan O Smith

Walter Partenheimer

Walter Vladimir Cicha

Yasuo Yoshikuni

Lars Peereboom

Madeline Sjodin

Dale Robert Coulson

Ravindra K Mariwala

Adam Joseph Wargacki

Olga P Ionkina

Man Kit Lau

Sergej A Maslov

Randal D King

Ranko Panayatov Bontchev

Paul Starkey

Prabhat Arya

Gary Jefferson

Sheila Christine Bourque

Richard J Reis

Nicholas McGuire

Carolina Salazar

Paul D VerNooy

Susan R Cooper

Cynthia A Lundgren

Lou Kapicak

Paul D Ver Nooy

Ramesh D Bhagat

Balaraju Miryala

Nye A Clinton

Ralph Thomas Baker

Spyridon Ntais

Olena Baranova

Indira Thapa

Biochar is provided that is treated to have certain chemical and physical properties found to have the highest impact on plant growth and/or soil health. In particular, the following physical and/or chemical properties, among others, of a biochar have been identified as critical properties to control for in the selection of biomass feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, and/or enhancing treatment to increase biochar performance: (i) bulk density (ii) impregnation capacity; (iii) particle size distribution; (iv) solid particle density; (v) surface area; (vi) porosity; (vii) total porosity; (viii) ratio of macroporosity to total porosity (ix) content of residual organic compounds; (x) content of volatile organic compounds; (xii) ash content; (xiii) water holding capacity; (xiv) water retention capabilities; (xv) levels of dioxins and other potentially hazardous byproducts of pyrolysis; and (xvi) pH. Treatment can modify and preferably increase hydrophilicity/decrease hydrophobicity, remove dioxins from the raw biochar, modify electrical conductivity and/or surface charge, modify cation exchange capacity and modify anion exchange capacity, among other things.

Enhanced biochar

This application relates to the production of functionalized lower hydrocarbons and more particularly to the process of converting ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbons. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbon conversion is catalyzed by a ZnZrAQMnOmixed oxide catalyst or a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. In particular embodiments, the ethanol to be converted is present at molar concentrations in the reactor feed equal to or exceeding 14%.

Methods for conversion of ethanol to functionalized lower hydrocarbons and downstream hydrocarbons

Enhanced Biochar

Processes that, make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammoniurn succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds Including diammobmane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Processes for producing butanediol (BDO), diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN) and succinamide (DAM)

Provided are methods of producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from renewable sources such as seaweed, alginate, oligoalginate, pectin, oligopectin, polygalacturonate, galacturonate, and/or oligogalacturonate. The sugars in the renewable sources can be converted into one or more intermediates such as 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEHU), 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate (DTHU), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), 2,5-dihydroxymethyl furan (DHMF), and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), which can be converted into FDCA by dehydration and cyclization to produce 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), followed by oxidation to produce FDCA. DEHU or DTHU may also be converted into FDCA by oxidation to produce 2,3-dihydroxy-5-oxohexanedioic acid (DOHA), which then undergoes dehydration and cyclization to produce FDCA.

Methods for preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid

Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Ketocarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic esters, methods of manufacture and uses thereof

Processes for producing caprolactam (CL) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Processes for producing caprolactam and derivatives thereof from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate or monoammonium adipate

A reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst is formed by contacting a precursor catalyst or a reduced metallic catalyst with a modifier solution in the presence of a source of hydrogen and heat treating the precursor catalyst or the reduced metallic catalyst at super-atmospheric pressure to obtain the reduced metallic catalyst from the precursor catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst from the reduced metallic catalyst. A method of hydrogenating a hydrogenatable precursor includes providing a reduced metallic catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst prepared with modifier buffer and contacting the reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst with the hydrogenatable precursor in the presence of hydrogen and, optionally, in the presence of a modifier solution.

Preparation of catalyst for selective hydrogenation of hydrogenatable precursors

Processes that make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammonium succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds including diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Processes for producing diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN) and succinamide (DAM)

A process for making MAA from a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth includes (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAA, at least some DAA, and at least about 20 wt. % water; (b) cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAA-containing liquid portion in contact with a MAA-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAA; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Processes for producing monoammonium adipate and conversion of monoammonium adipate to adipic acid

Processes for producing nitrogen containing compounds include producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Processes for producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof

Processes for making caprolactam (CL) from monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic acid (AA) obtained from a clarified diammonium adipate-containing (DAA-containing) fermentation broth or MAA-containing fermentation broth and converting the MAA or AA to the CL with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at selected temperatures and pressures.

Processes for producing caprolactam and derivatives thereof from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate, monoammonium adipate and/or adipic acid

A system is described for processing biomass through a pyrolysis chamber that utilizes revolving polygon platforms, a conveyor system, and an airlock for introducing or removing biomass into the pyrolysis chamber. Biomass can be introduced via a first revolving polygon platform, and biochar resulting from pyrolysis can be removed via a second revolving polygon platform.

System for conveying biomass

The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.

Renewable compositions

Growing community of inventors

Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Leo E Manzer