Other

Lei Yu

Mary Jeanne Kreek

Jay A Tischfield

Karl Steven LaForge

Nathan Newman

Theodore Van Duzer

Xiaoxan Meng

Anupama Bhat Kaul

A Josephson junction has inherent resistance which effectively shunts the junction and thereby obviates a separate shunt resistor and thus reduces surface area in an integrated circuit including a plurality of Josephson junctions. The Josephson junction comprises a stacked array of layers of Nb and a superconductor with T >9&deg; K having a penetration depth greater than that of Nb, for example Nb Ti N, with a layer of a conducting material having a resistivity between 200 &mgr;&OHgr;-cm, 1 &OHgr;-cm, such as Ta N in the stack. The Josephson junction can be formed on a supporting substrate such as silicon with a ground plane such as Nb on the substrate and an insulating layer such as SiO separating the ground plane from the stacked array.

Internally shunted Josephson junction device

Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders.

Alleles of the human mu opioid receptor, diagnostic methods using said alleles, and methods of treatment based thereon

Provided herein are variant alleles of a gene encoding a mu opioid receptor, along with cloning vectors for replicating such variant alleles, expressing vectors for expressing the variant alleles to produce variant mu opioid receptors, and antibodies to such variant receptors. Also disclosed are binding characteristics of such variant receptors regarding binding to opioid ligands, and the using of such binding characteristics to diagnose a subjects susceptibility to pain, susceptibility to an addictive disease, selecting an appropriate pain reliever along with a therapeutically effective amount of the reliever to administer to a subject suffering from pain. In addition, diagnostic methods for diagnosing a disease or disorder such as infertility, constipation, diarrhea, decreased immune response relative to a standard, and decreased ability to withstand stress relative to a standard, along with commercial kits for diagnosing such diseases or disorders. Furthermore, the invention is also directed to identification of targeted prevention methods, early therapeutic intervention, and improved treatment of opioid addiction, infertility, constipation, diarrhea, impaired immune responsiveness, and stress.

Alleles of the human mu opioid receptor and diagnostic methods based thereon

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Cincinnati, OH, United States of America

Lei Yu