Cloudflare, Inc.

Cloudfare, Inc.

Lee Hahn Holloway

Matthew Browning Prince

Matthieu Philippe François Tourne

Ray Raymond Bejjani

Ian Gerald Pye

Dane Orion Knecht

John Graham-Cumming

Albertus Strasheim

Sébastien Andreas Henry Pahl

Piotr Sikora

Srikanth N Rao

Michelle Marie Zatlyn

Nicholas Thomas Sullivan

Terry Paul Rodery, Jr

Christopher Stephen Joel

Jason Thomas Walter Benterou

David Randolph Conrad

Matthieu Phillippe François Tourne

Zi Lin

Michael Jonas Sofaer

Ryan Lackey

Patrick Donahue

A proxy server receives, from multiple visitors of multiple client devices, a plurality of requests for actions to be performed on identified network resources belonging to a plurality of origin servers. At least some of the origin servers belong to different domains and are owned by different entities. The proxy server and the origin servers are also owned by different entities. The proxy server analyzes each request it receives to determine whether that request poses a threat and whether the visitor belonging to the request poses a threat. The proxy server blocks those requests from visitors that pose a threat or in which the request itself poses a threat. The proxy server transmits the requests that are not a threat and is from a visitor that is not a threat to the appropriate origin server.

Methods and apparatuses for providing internet-based proxy services

A proxy server receives from a client device a request for a network resource that is hosted at an origin server for a domain. The request is received at the proxy server as a result of DNS request for the domain returning an IP address of the proxy server instead of an IP address of the origin server. The proxy server retrieves the requested network resource. The proxy server determines that the retrieved network resource includes at least one modification token that is of a type that indicates a threat to the client device. For at least this modification token, the proxy server automatically modifies at least a portion of the retrieved network resource that corresponds to that modification token. The proxy server transmits the modified network resource to the client device.

Internet-based proxy service to modify internet responses

A server establishes a secure session with a client device where a private key used in the handshake is stored in a different server. An encrypted connection is established between the first server and the second server. A message is received from the client device that initiates a procedure to establish the secure session between the client device and the first server. As part of this procedure, the first server transmits over the encrypted connection a request to the second server to use the private key. The first server receives, over the encrypted connection, a response to the request that includes a result of the use of the private key. The first server uses the result during the procedure to establish the secure session.

Secure session capability using public-key cryptography without access to the private key

An authoritative DNS server receives DNS requests for domains. The authoritative DNS server responds to the requests with address records that include IP addresses that are selected from a larger pool of IP addresses, where a first response to a DNS query for a domain can include IP addresses different from IP addresses included in a second response for the same domain. Also, the same IP addresses may be returned for a first domain and a different, second domain. The authoritative DNS server may randomly select the IP addresses to include in responses to the requests regardless of the domain.

Authoritative domain name system (DNS) server responding to DNS requests with IP addresses selected from a larger pool of IP addresses

A proxy server receives from a client network application a request for an action to be performed on an identified network resource of a domain of an origin server. The request is received at the proxy server as a result of a DNS request for the domain returning an IP address of the proxy server. The proxy server determines that the first request is indicative of being from a bot. Responsive to this determination, the proxy server transmits a block page to the client network application that includes a mechanism to allow a human user of the client network application to provide input that indicates that they are human and not a bot. If the proxy server does not receive input from the client network application through the mechanism in the block page that indicates that the first request is not from a bot, the proxy server blocks the request.

A request for a web page is received at a proxy server. The request originates from a client network application of a client device. The requested web page includes multiple references to multiple images. The proxy server retrieves the requested web page. The proxy server modifies code of the retrieved web page such that the client network application will not, for each one of those images, initially request those images when parsing the page. The proxy server also adds code to the retrieved web page that, when executed by the client network application, causes at least two of the images to be requested with a single request. The proxy server transmits the modified web page to the client device.

Method and apparatus for automatically optimizing the loading of images in a cloud-based proxy service

An attack is detected on a first IP address and a determination is made that the first IP address is associated with a primary digital certificate that is bound with multiple different domains. For each of these domains, a secondary certificate is accessed that is bound only to that domain and that secondary certificate is associated with a unique IP address such that each of the different domains has a unique IP address associated with its secondary certificate respectively. The attack is isolated to the domain the attack follows.

Detecting and isolating an attack directed at an IP address associated with a digital certificate bound with multiple domains

A first server receives a set of cryptographic parameters from a second server. The set of cryptographic parameters is received from the second server as part of a secure session establishment between a client device and the second server. The first server accesses a private key that is not stored on the second server. The first server signs the set of cryptographic parameters using the private key. The first server transmits the signed set of cryptographic parameters to the second server. The first server receives, from the second server, a request to generate a premaster secret using a value generated by the second server that is included in the request and generates the premaster secret. The first server transmits the premaster secret to the second server for use in the secure session establishment between the client device and the second server.

A proxy server receives from a client device a request for a network resource that is hosted at an origin server for a domain. The request is received at the proxy server as a result of a DNS request for the domain resolving to the proxy server. The origin server is one of multiple origin servers that belong to different domains that resolve to the proxy server and are owned by different entities. The proxy server retrieves the requested network resource. The proxy server determines that the requested resource is an HTML page, automatically modifies the HTML page, and transmits the modified HTML page to the client device.

A server establishes a secure session with a client device where a private key used in the handshake when establishing the secure session is stored in a different server. During the handshake procedure, the server receives a premaster secret that has been encrypted using a public key bound with a domain for which the client device is attempting to establish a secure session with. The server transmits the encrypted premaster secret to the different server for decryption along with other information necessary to compute a master secret. The different server decrypts the encrypted premaster secret, generates the master secret, and transmits the master secret to the server. The server receives the master secret and continues with the handshake procedure including generating one or more session keys that are used in the secure session for encrypting and decrypting communication between the client device and the server.

A proxy server for limiting Internet connection speed of visitors that pose a threat. The proxy server receives from a client device a request to perform an action on an identified resource that is hosted at an origin server for a domain. The proxy server receives the request as a result of a DNS request for the domain resolving to the proxy server. The origin server is one of multiple origin servers that belong to different domains that resolve to the proxy server and are owned by different entities. The proxy server analyzes the request to determine whether a visitor belonging to the request poses a threat. If the proxy server determines that the visitor poses a threat, the proxy server reduces the speed at which the proxy server processes the request while keeping a connection to the client device open.

Internet-based proxy service to limit internet visitor connection speed

A domain name is received from a customer. DNS is queried for multiple possible subdomains of the domain. For each subdomain that resolves, information about that subdomain's corresponding resource record is stored in a zone file that also includes a resource record for the domain name. The zone file is presented to the customer. A designation from the customer of which of the resource records are to point to an IP address of a proxy server is received. The resource records are modified according to the input of the customer and the zone file is propagated including the modified resource records.

Registering for internet-based proxy services

A DNS name server manages CNAME records. The server receives a query for a first Address record for a fully qualified domain name from a requester. The server determines that the fully qualified domain name has a CNAME record, where the fully qualified domain name is a root domain. The server traverses a chain according to the CNAME record to locate a second Address record that includes an IP address. The server generates a response to the query that includes a third Address record for the fully qualified domain name that includes at least the IP address of the located second Address record. The server transmits the generated response to the requester.

Domain name system CNAME record management

A cloud-based proxy service identifies a denial-of-service (DoS) attack including determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack. The domain that is under attack is identified by scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, where a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves.

Growing community of inventors

Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America

Lee Hahn Holloway