Esionic Es, Inc.

Laxmi Therapeutic Devices, Inc.

Leanne Beer

Benjamin Rupert

Steven Zhichao Shi

Levi J Irwin

Shilpa A Worlikar

Sumita Pennathur

William Peter Van Antwerp

Michelle Halpin

Wayne L Gellett

Ashley Nicole Farnkopf

Landon Christopher Peik

Seth Boden

Isabella Camille Darke

Bill Van Antwerp

Justin Daniel Rofeh

Luke Satish Kumar Theogarajan

Microneedles for analysis of analytes in body fluids may be manufactured from robust materials such as stainless steel by laser cutting at least the basic needle configuration, applying a coating to electrically insulate and/or assure biocompatibility of the needle, and forming electrodes on the needles via lithography or other processes (preferably after treatment of the coaled areas at which the electrodes are to be applied). Preferably, the needles have a depression formed therein from which the electrodes extend, and which contains a sensing medium which produces a measurable output in response to the local concentration of the analyte of interest Thus, when a needle is inserted into the skin such that the depression and its sensing medium encounters body fluids, analyte measurements can be obtained via the electrodes.

Needles for measurement of body fluid analytes such as glucose

A method for forming an enzymatic biosensor includes preparing a first deposition solution comprising an enzyme, placing a substrate in the first deposition solution, applying an electrical potential to a working electrode of the substrate to deposit the enzyme on the working electrode, placing the substrate in a second deposition solution comprising electro-polymerizable monomers, and passing a current through the working electrode to polymerize the monomers to form an electropolymerized polymer layer over the enzyme deposited on the working electrode.

Electrochemical method for enzyme immobilization on biosensor electrodes

The invention generally encompasses phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions and their use in many applications, including but not limited to: as electrolytes in electronic devices such as memory devices including static, permanent and dynamic random access memory, as electrolytes in energy storage devices such as batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, electrolytic capacitors, as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as electrolytes in fuel cells, as a heat transfer medium, among other applications. In particular, the invention generally relates to phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, wherein the compositions exhibit superior combination of thermodynamic stability, low volatility, wide liquidus range, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. The invention further encompasses methods of making such phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, operational devices and systems comprising the same.

Phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, methods of making and devices formed there from

Electrolyte compositions and electrochemical double layer capacitors formed there from

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San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Leanne Beer