Ford Global Technolgoies, LLC

Wayne State University

Le Yi Wang

Rakan C Chabaan

Jing Sun

Yong-Wha Kim

Feng Lin

Caisheng Wang

Michael P Polis

George Yin

Hong Wang

Gang George Yin

A battery network includes a plurality of heterogeneous batteries coupled to at least one energy source and one energy load, a plurality of switches coupled to the heterogeneous batteries, and the switches controllable having a duty cycle between 0 and 1. A controller is configured to characterize each of the plurality of heterogeneous batteries characteristics, determine duty cycles for each of the plurality of switches based on the characterization such that a charge applied from the at least one energy source or a discharge to the at least one energy load converges to a balanced state for the plurality of heterogeneous batteries, and apply the determined duty cycles to the plurality of switches.

Balanced control strategies for interconnected heterogeneous battery systems in smart grid applications

A generic model structure captures basic characteristics in BIS-based patients' responses to anesthesia and surgical stimulation, the model being used in combination with the insight of an anesthesiologist. The model structure represents the patient response with a time delay, a time constant for response speed, and a nonlinear function for drug sensitivity. Clinical data confirms the model structure and is used to establish parameters and function forms for individual patients. A feedback and predictive control strategy for anesthesia drug infusion is then introduced on the basis of the patient model. Feedback control alone cannot avoid large fluctuations in BIS values when significant surgical stimulation is imposed, as a result of time delays in a patient's response to drug infusion. Predictive control attenuates fluctuations of BIS levels from surgical stimulation.

System for identifying patient response to anesthesia infusion

A method for predicting oxygen capacity of an LNT during storage phase of such LNT and the amount of NOx stored in the LNT during purge phase thereof as a function of the time history of an output signal produced by an exhaust gas sensor disposed downstream of the LNT. Oxygen storage capacity of the (LNT) is estimated by integrating output signal over time to determine the amount of oxygen stored in the LNT as function of time.

Method and apparatus for estimating oxygen storage capacity and stored NOx in a lean NOx trap (LNT)

A steering system ( ) and method ( ) for controlling the steering of a vehicle having a steering wheel ( ), a steering column ( )connected to the steering wheel ( ), and an electric motor ( ) operatively engaged with the steering column ( ) for supplying torque assist. A velocity detector is employed for detecting an angular velocity {dot over (&thgr;)} of the electric motor ( ). The system has a torque estimator ( ) for determining an estimated torque signal T est as a function of the detected motor velocity {dot over (&thgr;)} , and a motor controller ( ) for generating a motor control signal (U) as a function of the estimated torque. Accordingly, the present invention reduces the complexity and cost of the electric power assist steering system by eliminating the need for a conventional pinion torque sensor, without sacrificing vehicle steering performance.

Vehicle electric power assist steering system and method using velocity based torque estimation

A steering system (,) and method (,) for controlling the steering of a vehicle having a steering wheel (,), a steering column (,) connected to said steering wheel (,), and an electric motor (,) operatively engaged with the steering column (,) for supplying torque assist. A steering angle sensor (,) is employed for sensing an angular position &thgr;,of the steering wheel (,). The system has a torque estimator (,) for determining an estimated torque signal (T,est) as a function of the measured steering wheel angle, and a motor controller (,) for generating a motor control signal (U) as a function of said estimated torque. Accordingly, the present invention reduces the complexity and cost of the electric power assist steering system by eliminating the need for a conventional pinion torque sensor, without sacrificing vehicle steering performance.

Vehicle electric power assist steering system and method using angle based torque estimation

A steering system (,) and method (,) for controlling the steering of a vehicle having a steering assembly including a steering wheel (,), a steering column (,) connected to said steering wheel (,), and an electric motor (,) operatively engaged with the steering assembly for supplying torque assist. A steering angle sensor (,) is employed for sensing an angular position &thgr;,of the steering column (,). The system has a torque estimator (,) for determining an estimated torque signal (T,est), and an H-infinity controller (,) coupled in a feedback path (,) for generating a feedback signal which is combined with a feedforward signal to generate a motor control signal (U) as a function of the estimated torque. Accordingly, the present invention provides a stable and robust control system, without sacrificing steering performance and desired steering feel.

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Novi, MI, United States of America

Le Yi Wang