General Electric Company

Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

Lawrence Richard Skrenes

Scott William Petrick

David Maes

Scott A Bielski

Vladislav Vashchenko

Robert F Kwasnick

Paul Richard Granfors

Yusuf Haque

Richard D Baertsch

Augusto Tazzoli

Jean Claude Morvan

Douglas Stuart Smith

Douglas E Sease

Sudhir Mulpuru

Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) based circuit for ECG protection under defibrillator pulse is disclosed. The SCR-based clamp is a symmetric structure for dual-direction voltage tolerance protection based on two anti-series P-well/N-well lateral blocking junctions isolated from P-substrate by the N-buried layer. The injector regions (n+/p+) are substantially lengthened in order to accommodate a larger number of contact rows than typically used for ESD pulses specification. A stack of metal layers may also be used to provide high current and heat-sink capability with each electrode metal layer fully filled with VIAs.

Integrated defibrillation pulse protector

A system, apparatus and a method are described that provide a voltage clamp for a single-supply system. In particular, a negative voltage clamp prevents a negative over-voltage in a system having only a positive independent voltage source. For example, certain analog-to-digital converters and other circuits allow input signals below the negative supply, or ground in single-supply systems, either by direct sampling or using input attenuation resistors. The negative clamp allows the circuit to provide accurate negative over-voltage protection and the absence of this claim would result in over-voltage protection in positive voltage directions only.

Input voltage clamp for a single-supply system

A signal processing circuit can be used to select between a high bias current and good noise performance or a low bias current and poorer noise performance. The circuit comprises an input device having high impedance and low noise characteristics. A first current source provides a minimal current level through the input device. Additional current sources provide additional current through the input device to improve noise performance of the circuit. The additional current sources can be switched into the circuit when improved noise performance is required, and switched out of the circuit to conserve power when improved noise performance is not required.

Means of selecting low noise performance or low power dissipation in the analog front end of a custom integrated circuit

A technique is described for detecting defects such as short circuits in a device such as a discrete pixel detector used in a digital x-ray system. The technique employs test circuits associated with each row driver of the detector. The test circuits are enabled by a test enable signal, and the row driver sequentially enables the rows of the detector, along with the individual test circuits. In a test sequence, output signals from the row test circuits are monitored to identify whether a defect, such as a short circuit, is likely to exist in the row or row driver. The test circuitry adds only minimal area and complexity to the row driver function, providing a high degree of test coverage at a low cost, with minimal likelihood of test circuitry-induced failures.

Apparatus and method for detecting defects in a discrete picture element detector circuit

A discrete pixel detector is charge compensated in a plurality of scan modes. In each scan mode a different number of rows of the detector is enabled, and signals produced at discrete pixel locations are read at the detector columns. Charges due to parasitic capacitance between the rows and columns are compensated and balanced by applying a compensation voltage to rows not enabled. The number of rows receiving the compensation voltage varies depending upon the number of enabled rows in each scan mode. A single compensation voltage may be used by applying the compensation voltage to a fixed multiple of the number of enabled rows in each scan mode.

Method and apparatus for scan charge compensation in a digital detector

Sample and hold circuits and methods to reduce distortion. A signal to be sampled is connected across a capacitor through a field effect device, which field effect device is turned off when the sample voltage across the capacitor is to be held. When the field effect device coupling the sample voltage to the capacitor is turned on, the body and gate voltages of the field effect device are made to have a fixed voltage relative to the voltage being sampled, so that the characteristics of the field effect device are unaffected by signal variations during sampling or between samples. Exemplary embodiments are disclosed.

Sample and hold circuits and methods

Row variable offsets in a large area solid state x-ray detector are compensated for. Initially, a calibration is performed to determine the row variable offsets. The calibration is achieved by measuring the average offset of each row. During normal operation, this offset is compensated for in a converting circuit. The required signal range of the converting circuit is consequently reduced.

Method and means for compensating for row variable offsets in a large

An x-y-addressed imager assembly includes a common electrode having more than two electrical contact points disposed at selected intervals along each edge of the common electrode that corresponds to a lateral boundary of the imager assembly. The selected intervals are typically about equal in length and not greater than about 12% of the length of the edge of the common electrode. The multiple electrical contacts along the common electrode provide low impedance and low magnetic loop area for signals passing along the common electrode to readout and drive circuits.

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Hartland, WI, United States of America

Lawrence Richard Skrenes