Praxair Technology, Inc.

Lawrence E Bool

Dante Patrick Bonaquist

Hisashi Kobayashi

Bradley D Damstedt

William J Snyder

Michael F Riley

Chien-Chung Chao

Kuang Tsai Wu

Mark K Weise

Kelly Fangmei Tian

Jurron L D Bradley

Raymond Francis Drnevich

Minish Mahendra Shah

Shrikar Chakravarti

David R Thompson

Gary Wayne Fenner

Stefan E F Laux

Stefan Laux

Arthur W Francis

Edward Kaczenski

Stefan Ef Laux

Jurron L Bradley

Dante P Bonaquist

In a reactor for partial oxidation of feedstock employing a hot oxygen stream that is generated by a suitable burner, the same burner that generates and provides the hot oxygen stream in full-scale partial oxidation operation can be employed in the starting-up of the partial oxidation reactor by suitable control of the characteristics of the feed to the burner, or of the pressures.

Startup methods for oxidation reactor

Disclosed are methods for accommodating changes in the conditions of partial oxidation of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock by changing characteristics of the hot oxygen used in the partial oxidation.

Methods of operational flexibility in partial oxidation

The present invention relates to a method of combusting a fuel gas with a stoichiometric or near stoichiometric amount of molecular oxygen in the presence of a controlled amount of a diluent to enhance the extent of combustion reactions in high heat transfer environment. The energy released is utilized to heat a fluid by direct contact with the flame. The diluent can be different from the fluid to be heated with respect to composition, temperature or pressure. The diluent can be same as or derived from the fluid to be heated.

Method for enhancing combustion reactions in high heat transfer environments

The present invention relates to integrating a hot oxygen burner with an auto thermal reformer of reducing in a system for generating synthesis gas.

Integration of a hot oxygen burner with an auto thermal reformer

Soot formation in the partial oxidation of carbonaceous feed is controlled by controlling the momentum of the oxidant stream relative to the momentum of the carbonaceous feed stream.

Soot control in oxidation reactions

Flame stability of a burner that is operated with a mixture of oxygen and flue gas as the oxidant, is enhanced by including a second burner that combusts fuel with oxidant having a high Ocontent.

Stabilizing combustion of oxygen and flue gas

A gas mixture preheated to high temperatures using an oxy-fuel, an oxygen-enriched air-fuel or an air-fuel burner is used to devolatilize and partially oxidize carbonaceous feedstock, thereby producing an active residual char that can be used in applications utilizing activated carbon. Use of hot gas and ground carbonaceous feedstock allows the equipment to be minimized, thereby allowing the activated carbon to be produced at or near points of use, for example the production of activated char at or near utility boilers for use in the reduction of mercury emissions from flue gas streams.

Production of activated char using hot gas

Emissions of NOx and CO are reduced from combustion devices such as coal-fired furnaces by increasing the stoichiometric ratio of burner(s) having a lower average temperature and increasing the stoichiometric ratio of burner(s) having a higher average temperature.

Method of operating furnace to reduce emissions

Combustion of hydrocarbon fuel is achieved with less formation of NOx by feeding the fuel into a slightly oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and separating air into oxygen-rich and nitrogen-rich streams which are fed separately into the combustion device.

Low NOx combustion using cogenerated oxygen and nitrogen streams

In a kiln whose interior is heated by combustion with oxidant having a higher oxygen content than air, streams of staging oxidant are fed into the space between the combustion zone and the inner surface of the kiln, and the stoichiometric ratios and amounts of oxygen in the combustion zone and in the overall operation of the kiln are adjusted to provide control or reduction of NOx formation while maintaining or increasing productivity of the kiln.

Stratified staging in kilns

This invention is directed to a process for increasing production of product that is formed in a reactor having a combustion section in which fuel is burned to produce heat to drive an endothermic reaction occurring within a reaction section. Production is increased by adding supplemental oxygen to air or other oxygen containing gas used to support combustion in the combustion section, thereby to generate more heat to support an increase in the endothermic reaction. Additionally, supplemental oxygen can be introduced into the reaction section to partially oxidize a reactant to generate heat and to allow an increase in the production of the product. Supplemental oxygen may be added directly to the steam-methane mixture, or to the combustion air.

Production enhancement for a reactor

NOx emissions from combustion are reduced, NOx reduction efficiency by SNCR is improved, and other efficiencies are realized, by injecting oxygen into a fuel-rich combustion zone under controlled conditions.

Enhancing SNCR-aided combustion with oxygen addition

Improved operational characteristics such as improved fuel efficiency, reduction of NOx formation, reduction of the amount of unburned carbon in the ash, and lessened tendency to corrosion at the tube wall, in a multi-burner furnace are obtained by reducing the flow rate of combustion air to the burners and selectively individually feeding oxidant to only some of the burners.

Combustion in a multiburner furnace with selective flow of oxygen

NOx formation in the combustion of solid hydrocarbonaceous fuel such as coal is reduced by obtaining, from the incoming feed stream of fuel solids and air, a stream having a ratio of fuel solids to air that is higher than that of the feed steam, and injecting the thus obtained stream and a small amount of oxygen to a burner where the fuel solids are combusted.

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East Aurora, NY, United States of America

Lawrence E Bool