Battelle Memorial Institute

Japan Tobacco Inc.

Gas Research Institute

Larry J House

Dale C Engelhart

Richard J Davis

Raphael Joseph Welsh

Thomas A Pettenski

Douglas Behrens Pape

Donald T Hayford

James F Mank

Ralph E Beard

William J Williams

John R Myers

Senapati Nagabhusan

A system and method of electronic component authentication or component classification can reduce the vulnerability of systems (e.g., satellites, weapons, critical infrastructure, aerospace, automotive, medical systems) to counterfeits. Intrinsic deterministically random property data can be obtained from a set of authentic electronic components, processed, and clustered to create a classifier that can distinguish whether an unknown electronic component is authentic or counterfeit.

Electronic component classification

An antenna for receiving electromagnetic energy with multiple grid arrays includes first and second grid patterns of diodes each acting as a half-wave rectifying element when illuminated by the electromagnetic energy whereby the electromagnetic energy is efficiently converted into electrical current at an output even when the electromagnetic energy is randomly polarized. The multiple grid arrays are spaced from one another and can also be offset from one another. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the first and second grid patterns of diodes have varying diode densities.

Multi-scale, multi-layer diode grid array rectenna

Sensor devices disclosed herein allow multiple analytes or organisms to be individually tagged and selectively detected. When a binding event occurs one or more nanoswitches close and the corresponding array resistance value produces a voltage imbalance in the Wheatstone Bridge. The voltage detected by the voltage meter will then exhibit unique value change corresponding to the particular nanoswitche(s) in the array that are closed due to a binding event. Similarly the same functionalization chemistry can be used on all nanoswitches so that the voltage detected by the voltage meter corresponds to concentration levels of the target analyte. Multiple functionalization chemistries on each switch can also be used to improve selectivity for more complex analytes. In some disclosed embodiments, the Wheatstone bridge voltage is tied to a predetermined resistance change rather than to smaller resistance changes that would occur from functionalization of one leg of a nanowire Wheatstone bridge.

Chemical/ biological sensors employing functionalized nanoswitch array

A coin discriminating apparatus which permits easy and reliable determination and identification of coins with the use of eddy currents induced in coins by an electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field varies depending on the material, thickness, etc. of the coin, and the impedance of the coil varies under the influence of the induced eddy current. Eddy current induction coils are successively excited to apply a high-frequency electromagnetic field to the coin over an entire surface thereof, and impedances of the eddy current induction coils, which vary under the influence of the eddy current induced in the coin by the high-frequency electromagnetic field, are measured to obtain information on surface displacement irregularities of a stamp pattern on the coin surface. Also, a low-frequency electromagnetic field is applied to the coin by using the eddy current induction coils, and impedances of the individual coils, which vary under the influence of the eddy current induced in the coin by the low-frequency electromagnetic field, are measured to obtain information on the material of the coin and to perform coin discrimination. Features of the stamp pattern in particular, which are represented by surface displacement irregularities, are acquired in the form of a histogram showing impedance along the abscissa and the numbers of coils along the ordinate with outputs in specified ranges along the ordinate.

Coin discriminating apparatus

A coin discriminating apparatus in which, to permit easy and reliable determination of the denomination and authenticity of a coin, information on surface displacement irregularities of a stamp pattern on a coin surface is detected, and features of the stamp pattern represented by the surface displacement irregularities information are plotted in the form of a histogram indicative of distribution of the surface displacement irregularities over the entire surface of the coin. The histogram is compared with a histogram of surface displacement irregularities distribution obtained beforehand with respect to a true coin to identify the denomination of the coin, thereby eliminating the need for a complicated process such as rotation of the stamp pattern (image information) on the coin surface. Preferably, eddy current induction coils are used to apply high-frequency electromagnetic field to a coin to induce eddy current therein, and impedances of the coils, that vary depending on the eddy current induced in the coin, are detected as the surface displacement irregularities information. Then, distribution of the detected impedances over the entire surface of the coin is obtained in the form of a histogram showing impedance along the abscissa and the numbers of eddy current induction coils with outputs in specified ranges along the ordinate. Also, based on the detected impedances, the material, diameter and thickness of the coin are determined for the coin discrimination.

Acoustic energy is used to detect and identify objects buried in soil by imaging acoustic energy reflected from the soil and buried objects. Acoustic energy is injected into soil at an oblique angle relative to the surface of the soil, reflected and received. Signals representative of the reflected energy are processed to generate image signals used to generate images representative of the reflected energy. Objects buried within the soil are identified by viewing the images. In one embodiment, obliquely oriented acoustic energy signals are carried from a source to a soil sample by a first duct and reflections of that energy are carried to a receiver within an adjacent second duct. The ducts acoustically isolate the source from the receiver. A beveled end of the first duct and the second duct are supported above the soil sample for noncontact operations. In another embodiment, an acoustic energy source is obliquely supported upon and forced into engagement with soil in a reservoir. The reservoir is placed in contact with soil to be probed to effect a soil 'impedance match' for oblique injection of acoustic energy into the soil. An acoustic energy receiver contacts the soil adjacent to the reservoir to receive acoustic energy reflected from the soil and objects buried within the soil. Pulse compression increases penetration depth. To compensate for soil attenuation characteristics, frequency-swept sinusoidal acoustic energy pulses are preferably amplitude modulated to have an exponentially changing envelope.

Method and apparatus for acoustic energy identification of objects

A method, apparatus and system for the ultrasonic detection and evaluation of flaws in annular test objects including an arrangement of ultrasonic transducers that are rotated about the outer surface of the test object and provide an ultrasonic indication fo flaws in the object, and for electronically collecting, storing, and analyzing the flaw data gathered by the ultrasonic transducers, to further provide a predetermined objective indicia of acceptablility concerning the structural integrity of the test object.

Method and system for ultrasonic detection of flaws in test objects

An apparatus for carrying by a diver while underwater that provides information useful for enabling the diver to expeditiously and safely work on submerged vessels without the danger of tapping into an explosive gas. The invention is particularly useful for finding liquid/gas boundary in a submerged vessel or the pressure of liquid or gas behind the wall of a vessel. A transmitting transducer provides a low frequency acoustic tone burst that is transmitted toward the hull of the ship. The reflected signal from the inner surface of the hull is received by a hydrophone and processed. Electronic circuit means, responsive to the received signal, processes the signal and computes the location of a liquid/gas interface or the presence of liquid or gas behind the hull. A display provides indications of the computed values.

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Columbus, OH, United States of America

Larry J House