Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc.

Apple Inc.

Photonify Technologies, Inc.

Lai Wang

Ion Bita

Russell Wayne Gruhlke

Marek Mienko

Gang Xu

Xuefeng Cheng

Shuoming Zhou

Xiaorong Xu

Yuan Chen

Zhibing Ge

Dmitry S Sizov

Feng Li

Xiaobin Xin

Guobao Hu

Ming Wang

Andreas Bibl

Clarisse Mazuir

David William Burns

Sunggu Kang

Jonathan S Steckel

David E Kingman

Steven E Molesa

Young Cheol Yang

Jean-Jacques P Drolet

Peter F Masschelein

Kollengode S Narayanan

Ben-Li Sheu

Ove Lyngnes

Jaein Choi

Chia Hsuan Tai

Hairong Tang

Ye Yin

John T Leonard

Joy M Johnson

To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.

Light-emitting diode display pixels with microlens stacks over light-emitting diodes

A light transmitting panel includes a lighting device and a light guide layer. The lighting device emits an input light. The light guide layer is formed from a phase separated glass material that includes a first material phase and a second material phase, wherein the first material phase functions to guide the input light along the light guide layer and the second material phase functions to scatter the input light so that at least part of the input light is directed out of the light guide layer as an output light.

Illuminated light transmitting panel with phase-separated glass

A display may have display layers that form an array of pixels. The display layers may include a first layer that includes a light-blocking matrix and a second layer that overlaps the first layer. The first layer may include quantum dot elements formed in openings in the light-blocking matrix. The light-blocking matrix may be formed from a reflective material such as metal. The second layer may include color filter elements that overlap corresponding quantum dot elements in the first layer. Substrate layers may be used to support the first and second layers and to support thin-film transistor circuitry that is used in controlling light transmission through the array of pixels. The display layers may include a liquid crystal layer, polarizer layers, filter layers for reflecting red and green light and/or other light to enhance light recycling, and layers with angularly dependent transmission characteristics.

Displays with collimated light sources and quantum dots

Light emitting structures are described in which vertical inorganic semiconductor-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with hexagon shaped sidewalls are mounted within corresponding circular reflective well structures. Diffuser layers may additionally laterally surround the hexagon shaped sidewalls within the circular reflective well structures.

High efficiency hexagon LED for micro LED application

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a touch screens configured to determine a position of a touch event by selectively redirecting light to correlated locations on a light sensor. In one aspect, the touch screen apparatus can include a light guide forming a touch interface, a light source for injecting light into the light guide, a light sensor for detecting the injected light, and a pixilated light-turning layer. The pixilated light-turning layer can include a plurality of light-turning features forming pixels. The pixels can receive incident light corresponding to the emitted light scattered by an object contacting the light guide. The pixels can redirect the incident scattered light towards the light sensor such that light selectively propagates to one or more correlated light receiving locations. A processor can map the light receiving location to an area contacted by the object, thereby determining a position of a touch event.

Optical touch device with pixilated light-turning features

In various embodiments described herein, a display device includes a front illumination device that comprises a light guide disposed forward of an array of display elements, such as an array of interferometric modulators, to distribute light across the array of display elements. The light guide may include a turning film to deliver uniform illumination from a light source to the array of display elements. For many portable display applications, the light guide comprises the substrate used in fabricating the display elements. The display device may include additional films as well. The light guide, for example, may include a diffuser and/or an optical isolation layer to further enhance the optical characteristics of the display.

Decoupled holographic film and diffuser

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for providing illumination by using a light guide to distribute light and for determining spacing between light turning features in the light guide. In one aspect, a light intensity profile along a first axis is determined and the pitch of light turning features along that first axis is varied based upon this profile, while the pitch along a second crossing axis (for example, an orthogonal axis) and the sizes of the light turning features remain unchanged. In some implementations, an apparatus includes a light guide having an array of light turning features configured to turn light from at least one light emitter. The light turning features can be non-uniformly spaced apart along a first axis such that pitches vary non-monotonically and, along a second axis that crosses the first axis, the light turning features are spaced apart with substantially the same progression.

Light turning feature patterns for lightguides

An integrated illumination apparatus includes a light injection portion having a first end for receiving light from a light source. The light injection portion includes material that supports propagation of said light along the length of the light injection portion. Turning microstructure is disposed on a first side of the light injection. The turning microstructure is configured to turn at least a substantial portion of light incident on the first side and to direct the portion of the light out a second opposite side of the light injection portion. A slit is disposed along the length of the light injection portion. The slit forms an optical interface on the second opposite side of the light injection portion that provides total internal reflection for light propagating along the length of the light injection portion to be guided therein. The optical interface further transmits light turned by said turning microstructure. A light distribution portion is disposed with respect to the slit to receive the light turned by said turning microstructure and transmitted out of the second side of the light injection portion and through said slit. At least one bridge is disposed between light injection portion and the light distribution portion. The bridge mechanically connects the light injection portion to the light distribution portion.

Integrated front light solution

A illumination device comprises a light guide having a first end for receiving light and configured to support propagation of light along the length of the light guide. A turning microstructure is disposed on a first side of the light guide configured to turn light incident on the first side and to direct the light out a second opposite side of the light guide, wherein the turning microstructure comprises a plurality of indentations. A cover is physically coupled to the light guide and disposed over the turning microstructure. An interlayer is between the cover and the light guide, wherein the interlayer physically couples the cover to the light guide. A plurality of open regions is between the interlayer and the plurality of indentations. Various embodiments include methods of coupling the cover to the light guide while preserving open regions between the cover and plurality of indentations.

Front light devices and methods of fabrication thereof

Various embodiments of the present invention relate to enhancing the brightness of displays that employ illumination systems. In some embodiments, the illumination systems include light guides, diffractive microstructure, and light-turning features. The diffractive microstructure may be configured to receive ambient light at a first angle and produce diffracted light at a second angle greater than the first angle and greater than the critical angle for of light guide. The light is thereby guided within the light guide. The light-turning features may be configured to turn the light guided within the light guide out of a light guide and onto, for example, a spatial light modulator at near normal incidence.

Devices and methods for enhancing brightness of displays using angle conversion layers

The present invention generally relates to optical imaging systems and methods for providing images of two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional distribution of properties of chromophores in various physiological media. More particularly, the present invention relates to optical imaging systems, optical probes thereof, and methods therefor utilizing self-calibration of their output signals. A typical self-calibrating optical imaging system includes at least one wave source, at least one wave detector, a signal analyzer, a signal processor, and an image processor. The signal analyzer receives, from the wave detector, an output signal representative of the distribution of the chromophores or their properties in target areas of the medium. The signal analyzer analyzes amplitudes of the output signal and selects multiple points of the output signal having substantially similar amplitudes. The signal processor calculates a baseline corresponding to a representative amplitude of the similar amplitudes and provides a self-calibrated output signal. The image processor constructs the images of the distribution of the chromophores or their properties from the self-calibrated first output signals.

Self-calibrating optical imaging system

The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for obtaining absolute values of concentrations of chromophores of a medium and/or absolute values of their ratios. More particularly, the present invention relates to non-invasive optical systems and methods for determining absolute values of oxygenated and/or deoxygenated hemoglobins and their ratios in a physiological medium. The optical system typically includes (1) a body, (2) a source module supported by the body, optically coupling with the medium, and irradiating into the medium multiple sets of electromagnetic waves with different wave characteristics, (3) a detector module supported by the body, optically coupling with the medium, and detecting such electromagnetic waves, and (4) a processing module operatively coupling with the detector module, and determining the absolute values of the concentrations and the ratios thereof from multiple wave equations applied to the source and detector modules. The processing module is designed to obtain such absolute values by a method typically including the steps of (1) obtaining multiple sets of wave equations, (2) eliminating source-dependent and detector-dependent parameters therefrom to obtain a set of intermediate equations, (3) providing a correlation of medium-dependent and geometry-dependent parameters with the chromophore concentrations or ratios thereof, (4) incorporating the correlation into the set of intermediate equations, and (5) obtaining the absolute values of the chromophore concentrations and ratios thereof.

System and method for absolute oxygen saturation

The present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for obtaining absolute values of concentrations of chromophores of a medium and/or absolute values of their ratios. In particular, the present invention relates to continuous wave spectroscopic optical systems and methods for determining the absolute values of deoxygenated and/or oxygenated hemoglobins and their ratios in a physiological medium. The optical system typically includes (1) a source module optically coupling with the medium and irradiating into the medium multiple sets of electromagnetic waves with different wave characteristics, (2) a detector module optically coupling with the medium and detecting electromagnetic waves, and (3) a processing module operatively coupling with the detector module, and determining the absolute values of the concentrations and the ratios thereof from multiple wave equations applied to the source and detector modules. The processing module is designed to obtain such absolute values by a method typically including the steps of (1) obtaining multiple sets of wave equations, (2) eliminating source-dependent and detector-dependent parameters therefrom to obtain a set of intermediate equations, (3) providing a correlation between medium-dependent and geometry-dependent parameters and the chromophore concentrations or ratios thereof, (4) incorporating the correlation into the set of intermediate equations, and (5) obtaining the absolute values of the chromophore concentrations and ratios thereof.

System and method for measuring absolute oxygen saturation

The present invention generally relates to optical imaging systems and methods for providing images of two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional distribution of properties of chromophores in various physiological media. More particularly, the present invention relates to optical imaging systems, optical probes thereof, and methods therefore utilizing self-calibration of their output signals. A typical self-calibrating optical imaging system includes at least one wave source, at least one wave detector, a signal analyzer, a signal processor, and an image processor. The signal analyzer receives, from the wave detector, an output signal representative of the distribution of the chromophores or their properties in target areas of the medium. The signal analyzer analyzes amplitudes of the output signal and selects multiple points of the output signal having substantially similar amplitudes. The signal processor calculates a baseline corresponding to a representative amplitude of the similar amplitudes and provides a self-calibrated output signal. The image processor constructs the images of the distribution of the chromophores or their properties from the self-calibrated first output signals.

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Milpitas, CA, United States of America

Lai Wang