Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Maybell Quantum Industries, Inc.

US Government As Represented by the Secretary of the Army

Kyle J Thompson

Corban I Tillemann-Dick

Lawrence M Candell

Gary A Shaw

Andrew M Siegel

Bryan J Choo

Reed W Hoyt

Robert L Standley

John Ogando Dos Santos Allan

Joseph M Mahan

Jonathan Michael Byars

Holly Lehmann McClung

John D Cummings

John A Rokosz

John G Brisson

Lauren Cantley

George Zogbi

Christopher Ferraiolo

Johanna Zultak

Holly Mcclung

Jacob Lazer Adams

Steven William Harris

Tyler James Plant

Steven J Weber

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermal stages configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures. A coldest thermal stage of the plurality of thermal stages is disposed above warmer thermal stages of the plurality of thermal stages such that the coldest thermal stage is positioned furthest from a floor supporting the dilution refrigerator.

Integrated dilution refrigerators

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a first thermal stage configured to be cooled to a first temperature, a second thermal stage configured to be cooled to a second temperature lower than the first temperature, and a vacuum chamber housing the first thermal stage and the second thermal stage. The dilution refrigerator also includes a first suspension system configured to suspend the first thermal stage from the vacuum chamber, and a second suspension system configured to suspend the second thermal stage from the vacuum chamber independently from the first thermal stage.

A conventional flow tube for a metabolic cart is usually a straight length of pipe whose inner diameter is fixed by the respiratory burden imposed by the flow tube on the user, with a smaller diameter imposing a higher respiratory burden. The ratio of the straight flow tube's length to diameter is fixed by fluid dynamics, so increasing the flow tube's diameter causes the flow tube's length to increase. As the flow tube gets longer, it exerts more torque on the user's neck and jaw, creating discomfort. Reducing the flow tube's length causes an undesired increase in the respiratory burden but increasing the flow tube's diameter to reduce the respiratory burden makes the flow tube less comfortable, making the flow tube unconformable, hard to breathe through, or both. Bending the flow tube makes it possible to increase the flow tube's propagation length without increasing the flow tube's lever arm length.

Passive, proportional measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption for assessment of metabolic parameters

A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, aHe refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes an outer vacuum chamber comprising at least one substantially planar surface and an opening in the at least one substantially planar surface configured to provide access to an interior of the outer vacuum chamber.

Drawn polymer fibers have internal channels running, at least partially, through the length of the fibers. These fibers may be configured to for use as thermal isolators that can thermally isolate material at the central core of the fiber from the outside environment. In such instances, the channels may be used as insulating channels and/or a heating or cooling fluid can be pumped through the channels to maintain the temperature of the material at the inner core. As another application, the fibers may be used as recuperative, regenerative, parallel-flow, counter-flow, cross-flow or condenser/evaporator heat exchangers. In this case, the channels may be used to direct fluid flow. The fiber may allow for the exchange of heat between fluids in the channels.

Drawn polymer fibers for use in thermal applications

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes a plurality of thermalization plates configured to be cooled to a plurality of temperatures, and a first thermalization plate of the plurality of thermalization plates includes an integrated heat exchanger. The integrated heat exchanger includes channels formed in the first thermalization plate, and the channels are configured to allow helium to flow through the first thermalization plate during operation of the dilution refrigerator to improve heat exchange and cooling power of the dilution refrigerator.

A high density wiring system to transmit radio frequency (RF) signals to superconducting qubits disposed within a dilution refrigerator is disclosed. The high density wiring system comprises a plurality of flexible layers, with conductive layers disposed between adjacent pairs of flexible layers. The conductive layers may be constructed using phosphor bronze. The wiring system that is disposed at the lower temperature stages of the dilution refrigerator may be coated with a superconducting material. The wiring system is useful for superconducting quantum computers and cryogenic sensors, as well as cryogenic infrastructure.

High-density cryogenic wiring for superconducting qubit control

A conventional flow tube for a metabolic cart is usually a straight length of pipe whose inner diameter is fixed by the respiratory burden imposed by the flow tube on the user, with a smaller diameter imposing a higher respiratory burden. The ratio of the straight flow tube's length to diameter is fixed by fluid dynamics, so increasing the flow tube's diameter causes the flow tube's length to increase. As the flow tube gets longer, it exerts more torque on the user's neck and jaw, creating discomfort. Reducing the flow tube's length causes an undesired increase in the respiratory burden but increasing the flow tube's diameter to reduce the respiratory burden makes the flow tube less comfortable, making the flow tube unconformable, hard to breathe through, or both. Bending the flow tube, e.g., in an L shape, makes it possible to increase the flow tube's propagation length without increasing the flow tube's lever arm length.

A fluid dynamic valve passively allows fluid flow out of a moving stream in one flow direction and not in the reverse. This allows the collection of fluid from a single direction of an AC fluid flow. The siphoned portion of the flow has a flow rate proportional to the mainstream flow. This device can collect exhaled breath or selective entrenchment during inhale. In one orientation, it can meter aerosolized particles into an inhale breath stream for pulmonary delivery, without complicated breath timing or drug loss due to drug adsorption to the back of the throat. Alternatively, a user can breathe through the device and a proportional amount, relative to the volumetric flow rate, of each exhale can flow into an auxiliary chamber for analysis. In addition, the device has a low respiratory burden and is comfortable to use.

Methods and apparatus for passive, proportional, valveless gas sampling and delivery

Systems, apparatus, and methods related to modeling, monitoring, and/or managing metabolism of a subject include measuring a respiratory quotient (RQ) level in a subject and/or optimizing and executing a nonlinear feedback model to model energy substrate utilization in the subject based on at least one of a macronutrient composition and caloric value of food consumed by the subject, an intensity and duration of activity by the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of glycogen storage in the subject, a rate and maximum capacity of de novo lipogenesis in the subject, a quality and duration of sleep by the subject, and/or an RQ level in the subject.

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Boulder, CO, United States of America

Kyle J Thompson