Schott Glaswerke

Schott Ag

Schott Glas

Other

Gesellschaft Fur Schwerionenforschung Mbh

Oran Safety Glass Inc.

Kurt Schaupert

Harry Engelmann

Thilo Zachau

Friedrich Siebers

Herwig Scheidler

Peter Nass

Roland Leroux

Erich Rodek

Waldemar Weinberg

Michael Kahlke

Ulrich Schiffner

Jurgen Thurk

Bernd Schultheis

Martin Taplan

Andreas Langsdorf

Ina Mitra

Katherine T Leighton

Stefan Hubert

Carsten Weinhold

Roland Schnabel

Roland Dudek

Wiktor Serafin

Theodore Allen Wegert

Paul Kissl

Edgar L Aleshire

Georg Krolla

Werner Noky

Ulrike Stoehr

Frieder Kropfgans

Christopher M Snively

Andreas Borrmann

Dieter Munkes

Christoph Gross

Patrick Hoyer

J Urgen Th Urk

Hans-Juergen Lemke

Harry Englemann

Edward L Aleshire

Hans-Jürgen Lemke

A transparent laminate structure is provided that includes a front section, a rear section, and a middle section securing the front and rear sections to one another with a gap therebetween. The front section has a strike face formed of an impact resistant layer and a polymer backing layer bonded to the impact resistant layer by an interlayer. The rear section has a forward face comprising at least one polymer layer. The front and middle sections can form an integral subassembly.

Light weight temperature resistant transparent laminate structure

A transparent laminate is provided that includes at least one chemically prestressed pane having a thickness, a compressive stress (CS) of a surface layer, a thickness of the prestressed surface layer and a tensile stress (CT) of an interior portion. The tensile stress (CT) is greater than 0 and is less than the compressive stress divided by 50.

Transparent laminate which inhibits puncture by projectiles

The process for producing a transparent lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramic plate includes ceramicizing a green glass body of the LiO&#x2014;AlO&#x2014;SiOsystem using a ceramization program, which includes heating it, for the purpose of nucleation, to a temperature of 750&#xb0; C.&#xb1;20&#xb0; C. and maintaining the temperature for 20&#xb1;15 minutes, further heating the green glass body, for the purpose of ceramization, to a temperature of 900&#xb1;20&#xb0; C. and maintaining the to temperature for 20&#xb1;15 minutes and then cooling to room temperature. The transparent plate has a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) from &#x2212;0.15&#xd7;10/K to +0.15&#xd7;10/K at 30 to 700&#xb0; C. and a brightness value observed at an angle of 2&#xb0; of &#x2267;80 for a 4-mm thick plate for transmitted normal light.

Process for producing a highly transparent impact-resistant glass ceramic

A transparent device for protection from an action of shock, projectiles, fragments or shock waves is provided. The device is a laminate having brittle-fracture, transparent materials that are joined together by way of transparent intermediate layers of organic polymers. The laminate is closed on the protective side facing away from the side of action by a fragment-protective layer that is formed as a transparent polymer layer in a thickness of 0.5 mm to 12 mm. The laminate has facing the side of action a chemically prestressed, brittle-fracture panel that is at a distance of 3 mm to 20 mm from the side of action.

Transparent glass/polymer composite

The transparent glass ceramic plate has a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of &#x2212;0.05 to &#x2212;0.1&#xd7;10/K at 30 to 700&#xb0; C. and a composition, in wt. %, consisting of: LiO, 3.0-4.5; AlO, 18.0-24.0; SiO, 55.0-70.0; TiO, 0.01-2.3; ZrO, 0.01-2.0; &#x3a3; TiO+ZrO, 0.5-4.3; SnO, 0-0.2; MgO, 0-0.8; BaO, 0-3; ZnO, 0-2.5; NaO, 0-1.5; AsO, 0.3-0.9; and FeO, 0.004 to 0.02. A transparent plate laminate, which is used as armor or in a bullet-proof vest and which contains one or more of this glass ceramic plate together with optional glass and/or plastic plates, and a process for making the glass ceramic plate, are also described.

Highly transparent impact-resistant glass ceramic

Antiballistic armor is provided that includes a glass-ceramic component having 50 to 70 weight percent SiO, 15 to 25 weight percent AlO, 0.5 to 5 weight percent ZrO, 0.1 to 10 weight percent LiO, 1 to 5 weight percent TiO. The glass ceramic component has a main crystalline phase that comprises keatite mixed crystal in a compositional range of LiAlSiOto LiAlSiO.

Glass ceramic armor material

The method for automatic determination of validity or invalidity of input from miniaturized keypads or keyboards, in which more than one key is operated at the same time, includes designating a number of keys as principal keys and assigning each key neighboring each principal key as nearest neighbor or next nearest neighbor and then testing each signal produced by key operation. The signal is valid if it is produced by operation of only one single key. However testing continues if two or more keys produce the signal. Then the signal is valid when the two or more keys are correlated in an unambiguous principal key-nearest neighbor key relationship. If not, testing continues further and the signal is valid if the plural keys are correlated in an unambiguous principal key-nearest neighbor key-next nearest neighbor key relationship. Otherwise the signal is an invalid key input.

Method for automatic determination of validity or invalidity of input from a keyboard or a keypad

A circuit arrangement for an electric appliance, having a control device and a power supply unit connected with an electric current supply connector for providing functional units, which are to be controlled, of the electric appliance with current. A switch is provided on the electric current supply connector for cutting off the power supply unit from the electric current supply connector on a primary side. The switch has a piezo switch which is open in the non-activated state. The circuit arrangement of this invention is used, for example, in connection with electronic household appliances.

Circuit arrangement for an electric appliance

In a touch switch with a keypad , a tactual feedback of its operation, perceptible to the user, is said to be achieved. For this purpose a transducer is provided, which upon a touching of the keypad impressed a movement on the latter.

Touch switch with a keypad

A connection of an electrical terminal to a conductor track applied to a glass or glass ceramic plate is to be resistant to temperature change and traction and conductive. For this purpose an electrically conductive connecting element is ultrasonically welded to the composite consisting of the conductor track and plate . The connecting element extends to the terminal which is fastened to the plate

Connection of a junction to an electrical conductor track on a plate

The device for controlling a cooking area on a glass-ceramic cooking surface includes an inductive cooking utensil detection device for detecting a cooking utensil on the cooking area and a temperature measurement device for measuring a temperature of the cooking surface. The cooking utensil detection device includes an outer conductor track ( ) and an inner conductor track ( ) nested within said outer conductor track. The temperature measurement device also includes the same outer conductor track ( ) and the inner conductor track ( ), so that the total number of device components is minimized. The outer conductor track ( ) includes, or is supplemented by, a conductor track section ( ) extending from it into a center part of the cooking area ( ). The cooking utensil detection device and the temperature measurement device can operate utilizing the same outer and inner conductor tracks by time-lagged interrogation or with detection signals at different frequencies.

Device and method for controlling cooking areas with glass-ceramic cooking surfaces

The method for detecting a boil dry condition of a cooking utensil or vessel placed on a glass-ceramic cooking surface of a cooking unit having at least one cooking zone includes determination of definite criteria for occurrence of the boil dry condition based on the first and second derivatives of the cooking zone temperature, on detection of operation of the heating element power control device and the power input to the heating element in accordance with a three stage comparison of the cooking zone temperature and the shutoff temperature. When the measured cooking zone temperature is well below the shutoff temperature and after a predetermined time interval from last operation of the heating element control device by an operator, the occurrence of positive first and second derivatives signals the boil dry condition. The device for detecting a boil dry condition of a cooking utensil or vessel placed on a glass-ceramic cooking surface of a cooking unit having at least one cooking zone includes a cooking zone temperature sensor; signal generating devices for detecting operation of the heating element power control device, for energy input to the heating element and for the shutoff temperature and a control and analysis device for receiving these input signals and for generating a control signal indicative of the boil dry condition according to the above-described method using the input signals.

Method and device for detection of a boil dry condition of a utensil placed on a glass-ceramic cooking surface of a cooking unit

The cooktop has a cooking zone (,), at least one electric heating unit (,&prime;) assigned to the cooking zone (,) and a device for detecting a metal pot on the cooking zone (,) and determining its size when the metal pot is resting on the cooking zone (,). The device for detecting the presence and advantageously the size of the metal pot includes a measuring sensor (,) arranged near the cooking zone (,) and one or more evaluation devices (,&Prime;) communicating with the measuring sensor (,). The measuring sensor (,) includes a primary measuring coil (,) and one or more secondary measuring coils. The primary measuring coil terminals (,) are electrically connected with corresponding poles of an alternating voltage generator (,) for generating an alternating current in the measuring coil (,) and a magnetic alternating testing field that interacts with the one or more secondary measuring coils to induce a voltage in them. The respective evaluation devices (,&Prime;) include comparators (,&Prime;) for comparing the induced voltages in the corresponding secondary measuring coils (,) with voltage threshold values to detect the presence and advantageously the size of a metal pot placed on the cooking zone (,) as a result of eddy currents produced in the metal pot.

Cooktop with a non-metallic hotplate

Glass or glass-ceramic materials for a cooking surface of a modern cooking unit can only withstand a certain predetermined limited temperature/time load. In order to guarantee that the permissible temperature/time load is not exceeded during the guaranteed lifetime at a given &ldquo;standard&rdquo; usage frequency, a shut-off temperature must be determined by an operating temperature limiting device provided in the cooking unit. So that the full potential of the cooking unit in regard to the load that the cooking surface bears can be attained when the actual usage frequency is less than a nominal value or predetermined guideline, the method provides for a continuous measurement of the accumulated temperature/time load and for continuous determination of the shut-off temperature by comparison of the accumulated temperature/time load with the permissible load for the actual usage duration.

Method for adjusting a limiting value of an operating temperature of a cooking unit and device for performing said method

The method of calibrating temperature-measuring resistors on substrates made of glass, glass-ceramics or similar materials, especially conductor strip resistors on glass-ceramic cooking surfaces, includes measuring a temperature associated with a measured resistance value obtained using the temperature-measuring resistor by determining a temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the substrate material, in order to obtain a temperature-resistance characteristic curve for the temperature-measuring resistor.

Method of calibrating temperature-measuring resistors on a glass,

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Hofheim, Germany

Kurt Schaupert