The Uab Research Foundation (The University of Alabama at Birmingham)

The University of Arizona

Kurt R Denninghoff

Lloyd W Hillman

Matthew H Smith

Russell A Chipman

Thomas Dean Milster

Thomas E Minnich

Arthur Lompado

Pramod Kumar Khulbe

Jun Zhang

Raghunandan Manchenahalli

An apparatus for determining an optical property of a set of cells is described. The apparatus may include a light source for providing a light signal, a light-conditioning unit configured to condition the light signal, and a diffractive structure. The diffractive structure may be configured to receive the conditioned light signal and produce diffracted light having plasmon-resonance properties and an angular spectrum. The angular spectrum may correspond to the set of cells when the set of cells are within a threshold distance from the diffractive structure. The apparatus further includes a light-collecting unit for collecting the diffracted light.

In-vivo optical sensor

A method and device for accurately determining oxygen saturation of hemoglobin by the measurement of the optical density of a sample, such as a blood vessel, in response to illumination by light having at least three wavelengths (&#x3bb;, . . . ) within a range of about 460 nm to about 523 nm. The hematocrit of a sample may be determined from optical density measurements at the three or more wavelengths in conjunction with a known path length. The device may be an intravenous or intra-arterial fiber optic catheter used to deliver the interrogating light signal to the blood and to detect the reflected signal. A method and device of determining the thickness of the retinal well using spectroscopic information are also disclosed.

Method and device for determining oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, for determining hematocrit of blood, and/or for detecting macular degeneration

A method and apparatus are provided for accurately measuring the blood oxygen saturation with a retinal vessel. The apparatus includes an optical source for illuminating the retinal vessel with optical signals. The apparatus also includes a filter, such as an aperture, disposed within the path of the optical signals returning from the eye. The filter preferentially passes single pass optical signals that have diffused through the retinal layer and/or the choroidal layer of the eye while traversing the retinal vessel only once, while blocking or otherwise redirecting the other optical signals. The apparatus also includes a detector for separately detecting at least the single pass optical signals and, in some instances, the other optical signals as well. The apparatus can also include a processing element for determining the blood oxygen saturation in the retinal vessel based upon the optical signals that have been detected.

Method and apparatus for measuring blood oxygen saturation in a retinal vessel by separately detecting single pass optical signals

Methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided for more accurately determining the percent transmittance of a vessel, such as a retinal vessel, at each of a number of different wavelengths and, in turn, for more accurately determining the blood oxygen saturation within the vessel. The blood oxygen saturation is determined based upon a plurality of images of the vessel obtained with illumination of different wavelengths. Background images are generated based upon respective images of the vessel in order to approximate the tissue bed underlying the vessel, such as the background fundus underlying the retinal vessel. Thereafter, a plurality of transmittance images are determined based upon respective pairs of the background images and the images of the vessel, such as by dividing the image of the vessel by the respective background image. Based upon a plurality of transmittance images, the blood oxygen saturation in the vessel may be determined.

Multispectral image processing method, apparatus and computer program product for determining the blood oxygen saturation in a vessel

A method of determining the autoregulatory status of a subject by obtaining a measurement of a selected parameter of the retinal blood vessels in a non-stimulated subject, administering to the subject a preselected stimulus, obtaining a measurement of the selected parameter of the retinal blood vessels of the subject in response to the administration of the selected stimulus, and determining the ratio of the measurement for the selected parameter in the non-stimulated retinal blood vessels to the measurement of the selected parameter for the retinal blood vessels following the administration of its selected stimulus whereby the ratio provides an indicator of the autoregulatory function or status of the subject.

Method of determining autoregulatory and perfusion status

A method is disclosed for non-invasive determination of intracranial pressure using an intracranial pressure monitor. The method preferably includes retinal scanning with a retinal scanner of the ocular fundus to determine dioxyhemoglobin saturation within the blood vessels of the retina. Through simultaneous monitoring of the cardiac cycle with a cardiac cycle monitor during retinal scanning and measurement of the intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure is determined independent of implanting or adhering the sensing device to the head or neck region of a test subject.

Oximetric tonometer with intracranial pressure monitoring capability

An improved optical scanning spectroscopic method and apparatus is provided that alternately scans the posterior portion of an eye with laser signals emitted by different ones of a plurality of lasers such that a data frame can be constructed that includes interlaced portions formed from signals returning from the posterior portion of the eye in response to illumination by laser signals emitted by different ones of the plurality of lasers. As such, the same data frame includes data attributable to the reflection of laser signals from each of the plurality of lasers even though the subject's eye is not subjected to simultaneous illumination by each of the lasers, thereby protecting the subject's eye. According to one further aspect of the invention, the optical scanning spectroscopic method and apparatus can illuminate the posterior portion of the subject's eye in response to a trigger at a predetermined point in the cardiac cycle of the subject such that the resulting data frame relates to at least a predetermined portion of the cardiac cycle of the subject, thereby permitting a detailed analysis of one or more phases of the cardiac cycle of the subject.

Optical scanning spectroscopic apparatus and associated method

The method and apparatus for measuring the transmittance of blood within a retinal vessel detects the intensity of light reflected from illuminated portions of an eye, including the retinal vessel and background fundus, and adjusts the corresponding intensity signals to compensate for reflections from the retinal vessel. In particular, the transmittance measuring method and apparatus constructs an intensity profile function based upon the intensity signals. As a result, the intensity profile function approximates the intensity of light transmitted through the retinal vessel as a function of retinal vessel position. During the construction of the intensity profile function, the transmittance measuring method and apparatus can compensate for at least some of the reflections of light from the retinal vessel which occurred prior to propagation of the light through the retinal vessel, thereby increasing the accuracy with which the transmittance of blood within a retinal vessel is measured. In addition, the transmittance measuring method and apparatus can compensate for the finite point spread function of the light with which the eye is illuminated in order to further increase the resulting measurement accuracy.

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Tucson, AZ, United States of America

Kurt R Denninghoff