Bayer Aktiengesellschaft

Kurt Mack

Artur Reischl

Friedrich Schmidt

Friedhelm Sahlmen

Hans-Rolf Furtwangler

Adolf Heinen

Theodor Gorski

The invention is directed to the formation of filler containing anionically modified polyurethane (urea) compositions by reacting suitable polyurethane (urea) forming ingredients in the presence of from 5 to 97% by weight of fillers selected from the group consisting of

Process for the preparation of filler-containing, antionically modified

The present invention relates to the use of non-floating, non-abrasive, highly-filled polyurethane (urea) compositions of high water-absorbability, which during their production contain no cells capable of growth as carriers for biomasses in the biological treatment of waste-containing liquids. These carriers have a filler content of greater than 15% by weight and less than 95% by weight (based on the moisture-free weight of the filler-containing polyurethanes). The fillers are selected from the group consisting of natural materials containing finely-divided fossil lignocelluloses or the secondary products thereof (e.g., peat, lignite, mineral coal or coke), active carbon, finely-divided distillation residues, inorganic fillers, homogeneous or cellular plastics particles (and more particularly polyurethane foam (waste) particles) and mixtures thereof. The polyurethane (urea) is a hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic polyurethane(urea), and preferably contains cationic groups. These highly-filled, polyurethane (urea) carriers have a water-absorbability exceeding 33% by weight of water in the swollen carrier. These carriers allow improved treatment of industrial and municipal liquid waste to be achieved in biologically-operating treatment plants. Treated waste which has reduced toxicity, a diminished smell, improved clarity and a very small residual content of organic, decomposable material is obtained due to the increased decomposition effect thereof.

Use of water-absorbing, highly-filled polyurethane (urea) compositions

The instant invention is directed to a process for the separation of aqueous sludges in the purification of effluents in purification plants, comprising:

Process for the improved working up of effluent

A process for the chemical treatment of an effluent containing at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of an organometallic compound and an organic compound containing at least one of phosphorus, nitrogen and halogen, comprising treating the effluent hydrolytically for about 20 to 200 minutes at a temperature above about 100.degree. C. under a pressure above about 2 bars and a pH of about 1 to 14. Advantageously, a catalyst comprising activated carbon or kieselguhr is added to the effluent before the hydrolytic treatment and the hydrolytic treatment is carried out in the presence of ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. The organic compound may be an acid ester, a dye, or quaternary ammonium compound, a cyanide, a nitrile, a cyanate, an isocyanate, hydrazine, an organic derivative of hydrazine, an azo compound or an organometallic compound and the effluent may be aftertreated as with hypochlorite or H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Pressure-hydrolytic treatment of effluent

In the introduction of a finely dispersed gas containing at least about 20 to 45% of oxygen by volume with intensive mixing into a vessel having a gas space and effluent containing biochemically oxidizable constituents, in the presence of activated sludge, the improvement which comprises

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Wuppertal, Germany

Kurt Mack