Encision Inc.

Datex-ohmeda, Inc.

Ohmeda Inc.

Kestrel Lab, Inc.

Kurt Albert Aronow

David Newton

Don R Boyle

Jonas Alexander Pologe

Allen Dettling

Alan D Martin

A system and method for detecting faults within an electrosurgical instrument having a shield and an active electrode uses multiple possible fault conditions. In one embodiment the monitoring system comprises an electrosurgical generator coupled to the electrosurgical instrument and adapted to deliver power to the active electrode of the electrosurgical instrument, monitoring circuitry coupled to the electrosurgical generator and the electrosurgical instrument.

Multiple parameter fault detection in electrosurgical instrument shields

A system and method for detecting faults within an electrosurgical instrument having a shield and an active electrode uses multiple possible fault conditions. In one embodiment the monitoring system comprises an electrosurgical generator coupled to the electrosurgical instrument and adapted to deliver power to the active electrode of the electrosurgical instrument, monitoring circuitry coupled to the electrosurgical generator and the electrosurgical instrument, wherein the monitoring circuitry comprises an active electrode voltage sensor an active electrode current sensor and a shield current sensor. The monitoring circuitry measures at least two of the active voltage, the active or return electrode current, and the shield current.

A method and apparatus for photoplethysmographic measurements from non-human species is disclosed. The extinction of light by hemoglobin, as a function of wavelength, varies as a function of the species of the subject being monitored. The calibration of a photoplethysmographic device should therefore also vary dependant upon the species of the subject. The photoplethysmographic device of this invention includes calibrations specifically designed to provide accurate readings on non-human subjects.

Photoplethysmographic device with species-specific calibration

A medical monitoring instrument such as a pulse oximeter uses vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) to produce at least two high intensity, essentially monochromatic light beams. The VCSELs are located either in: (1) the probe itself, (2) the connector to the probe, or (3) the monitor box connected with an optical fiber to the probe.

Noninvasive medical monitoring instrument using surface emitting laser devices

An improved photoplethysmographic measurement system is disclosed in which a fast-turn-off photodiode is used in order to minimize the effect of 'bleed-through' voltages on the dark time (ambient) light determination. Particularly in photoplethysmographic instruments which utilize switched-gain preamplifiers the 'bleed-through' of voltage which should be associated with the excitation of the photodiode by the emitter into the dark time or ambient light calculation will negatively impact the accuracy of blood analyte determination. A hardware method and a software method for determining whether a given photodiode has a sufficient decay time are also disclosed.

Fast-turnoff photodiodes with switched-gain preamplifiers in

An improved photoplethysmographic measurement system is disclosed in which a portion of a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal represents an ambient light level, and other TDM signal portions represent detected levels of two or more centered wavelengths of transmitted light. The ambient and detected light portions of the signal are simultaneously applied to the inputs of an instrumentation amplifier(s) so as to produce a continuous output voltage that is proportional to a difference in voltage between the ambient and detected light portions of a TDM signal. Such an approach provides for ambient light level subtraction with reduced noise and componentry.

Method for ambient light subtraction in a photoplethysmographic

This apparatus places the laser diode light source in the connector affixed to the distal end of the cable, proximate to the patient. The disposable portion of the probe simply consists of the apparatus required to affix the probe to the patient's appendage and the mating portion of the connector that interconnects with the cable. The disposable portion of the probe can be a minimalistic design since all the expensive elements are located in the medical monitoring instrument or the cable connector.

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Louisville, CO, United States of America

Kurt Albert Aronow