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Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Gmbh

Konrad Mund

Gerhard Richter

Erhard Weidlich

Walter Gumbrecht

Helmut Freller

Walter Preidel

Ulrich Gebhardt

Gunter Luft

Raghavendra Rao

Heike Barlag

Martin Edeling

J Raghavendra Rao

Horst Boder

Roland Thewes

Manfred Stanzel

Manfred Pfeiler

Meinrad Schienle

Eugen Hohmann

Armin Datz

Rainer Hintsche

Karl Hohne

Hakan Elmqvist

Rittmar Von Helmolt

Peter Schack

Brigitte Stroetmann

Rolf Schulte

Lars Botvidsson

Hans-Peter Lorenz

Siegfried Kallert

Dieter Kuhl

Friedrich Horauf

Ferdinand V Sturm

Friedrich Hoerauf

Goesta Sjoeholm

A method follow the change in concentration of a redox-active substance, whereby suitable potentials for a reduction process or an oxidation process are applied to the working electrode of a measuring device. The potential of the working electrode is pulsed and measuring phases and relaxation phases are alternately produced, the pulse lengths of measuring phase and relaxation phase being determined in a suitable manner. A rapid relaxation of the concentration gradient is electrochemically forced so that the measurement can be carried out on simple transducer arrays. A device for carrying out the method includes a transducer array in addition to a suitable potentiostat. The transducer array can be formed of a planar metal substrate on which at least one flexible insulator is disposed, the metal surface and the insulator surface being firmly linked. The transducer array can also be formed of silicone-based CMOS structures.

Method and system for determining the concentration of an analyte/enzyme complex or of an analyte/enzyme conjugate, especially for the electrochemical detection of the analyte, and corresponding measuring device

In order to follow the change in concentration of a redox-active substance, potential suitable for a reducing process or oxidation process are applied to the working electrode of a measuring device. The potential of the working electrode is pulsed and measuring phases and relaxation phases are alternately produced, the pulse lengths of the measuring phase and relaxation phase being predetermined in a suitable manner. In this manner, a rapid relaxation of the concentration gradient is forced electrochemically so that the measurement can be carried out on simple transducer arrays. The device includes a transducer array in addition to a suitable potentiostat. The transducer array may include a planar metal substrate on which at least one flexible insulator having a firm connection between the metal surface and the insulator surface is located. The array is generated by suitably structuring the substrate.

Method for measuring the concentration or change in concentration of a redox-active substance and corresponding device

A method for biochemical analysis uses a micro-reaction array with at least two reaction chambers for materials which react together chemically or biochemically. The reaction chambers are smaller than 1 &#x3bc;l, the reaction chambers are filled together by throughflow, the chemical or biochemical reactions of the substances retained therein then occurs in the individual isolated reaction chambers, thus preventing an interference between the reactions in the individual reaction chambers and the reaction products remain enclosed in the relevant reaction chambers. In the system the planar array has at least two reaction chambers for substances, whereby the reaction chambers are closed with the goal of preventing an exchange of substances.

Method for preventing chemical crosstalk in enzyme-linked reactions, and associated system

A DNA chip includes a carrier and a microarray of spots containing immobilised catcher molecules which are arranged on the carrier. Each spot contains a microelectrode system for the impedance spectroscopic detection of binding events occurring between the catcher molecules and target molecules of an analyte solution applied to the spots. The microelectrode system has a pair of polarisation electrodes in order to produce an alternating electromagnetic field and a pair of sensor electrodes for measuring a voltage drop in the analyte.

DNA chip comprising a microarray made of an microelectrode system

A cooling system for a battery of fuel cells that contains at least two fuel cells, each of which comprises a membrane-electrode unit and two collector plates is disclosed. Cooling cards supplied with coolant and that are connected to one another via lines are thereby arranged between the individual fuel cell units.

Cooling system for a fuel cell battery

A device for detecting a state of imminent cardiac arrhythmia, relative to a normal state for a heart, in response to activity in nerve signals conveying information from the autonomic nerve system to the heart, contains a sensor body for sensing neural activity, a comparator with a threshold value forming a condition for the presence of an arrhythmia, the comparator emitting an arrhythmia-indicating output signal depending on whether neural activity meets the condition, and the sensor body being placeable in an extracardiac position for at least one of the sympathetic and vagus nerves. The sensor body directly senses activity in the nerve at that location in direct contact with the nerve. An implanted blood pressure sensing cuff also can be provided which generates signals indicative of blood pressure which can be evaluated in combination with the nerve signals for identifying the state of imminent cardiac arrhythmia.

Method and apparatus for detecting a state of imminent cardiac

In a method for manufacturing a working electrode for an implantable, electrochemical oxygen sensor a thin layer of a uniform mixture composed of an epoxy-based resin, a hardener and powdered vitreous carbon is applied onto a ring or hollow cylinder of biocompatible, inert, electrically conductive material, and the resin is hardened.

Method for manufacturing a sensor electrode

A system for infusing medicine into the body of a patient includes an implantable infusion apparatus containing a dosing unit with a reservoir for the medicine and a medicine delivery pump for pumping doses of the medicine from the reservoir into the patient. The infusion apparatus also includes a sensor for sensing a parameter of the patient for controlling the dosing of medicine according to the sensed parameter. The dosing unit and the sensor are galvanically separable and are each provided with separate telemetry communication units for communication with an external programmer/controller. The external programmer/controller includes telemetry communication units for selectable communication with the dosing unit or the sensor or both simultaneously. The telemetry communication units of the external programmer/controller, the dosing unit and the sensor are constructed for bi-directional communication between the external controller and each one of the dosing unit and the sensor.

System for infusion of medicine into the body of a patient

The invention involves a method for determining the concentration of electro-chemically convertible substances in a solution by means of an analyzer equipped with a test electrode, so that a precise determination of the concentration, dependable over extended periods, is possible. The invention provides for a potential varying with time within a potential interval to be impressed on the test electrode, for an ac voltage of a predetermined amplitude and frequency to be superimposed on this potential, and for the real and/or imaginary portions of the impedance to be determined for at least one potential step, thus determining the concentration. The method is particularly suited for determining the concentration of glucose in body fluids.

Method for determining the concentration of electro-chemically

An implantable electrode, particularly a stimulation electrode, in which the electrode head consists of vitreous carbon which is preferably surface activated.

Method for making an implantable electrode

The electrochemical determination of the oxygen concentration, particularly in biological matter, is possible by means of an oxygen sensor with a measuring electrode and a counter electrode over long periods of time, even if the sensor is implanted, by taking the following measures; two potentials are cyclically impressed on the measuring electrode, with one potential (measuring potential) in the range -1.4 V.ltoreq..rho.Ag/AgCl.ltoreq.-0.4 V, and the other potential (recovery potential) in the range -0.2 V.ltoreq..rho.Ag/AgCl.ltoreq.+0.2 V; the dwelling time at the measuring potential is small as compared to the duration of the cycle; and the current flowing during the measuring period is evaluated as the measuring signal.

Method and apparatus for the electrochemical determination of oxygen

Physiological frequency control of a heart pacemaker having a stimulating electrode is accomplished by providing an oxygen measuring electrode and placing it in the body tissue, loading the oxygen measuring electrode with stimulating pulses in parallel with the stimulating electrode, measuring the potential of the oxygen measuring electrode relative to another electrode between stimulating pulses, and controlling the frequency of the pacemaker as a function of the measured potential.

Device and method for the physiological frequency control of a heart

Implantable electrode

A method and apparatus for cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing medical instrument with a sequence of method steps performed in a single apparatus. The method steps include precleaning the instruments in a container containing a first fluid bath subjected to ultrasonic energy, subsequently emptying the first fluid bath from the container and replacing it with a second fluid bath containing a cleaning agent and a sodium chloride, fine cleaning and disinfecting the instruments by subjecting the second bath to ultrasonic energy and circulating the second bath through an electrolytic cell having a voltage applied to the electrodes to create anotic oxidation, then emptying the second bath and replacing it with a rinse bath, rinsing instruments while subjecting the rinse bath to an ultrasonic energy and circulating the bath through the electrolytic cell subsequently emptying the rinse bath, and drying the instruments by means of heated air.

Method and apparatus for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing medical

For determining the urea concentration in liquids in continuous operation, with a high sensitivity and reliable determination of the urea content over an extended period of time, an electrode which is separated from the urea containing liquid by means of a diaphragm with a diffusion coefficient of less than 10.sup.-7 cm.sup.2 s.sup.-1 for urea has impressed on it potentiostatically and cyclically, two potential values, the more positive potential being between 0.9 and 2.0. V/H.sub.2 rev, and the more negative potential being lower than 0.6 V/H.sub.2 rev, and at the more positive potential, the current flowing within a predetermined time interval is evaluated as the measuring signal.

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Uttenreuth, Germany

Konrad Mund