Other

Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

Kaneka Corporation

Toagosei Company, Ltd.

Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd.

Asahi Glass Company, Limited

Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.

Tosoh Corporation

Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation

Tokuyama Corporation

Daiso Co., Ltd.

Koji Saiki

Shinji Katayama

Akihiro Sakata

Hiroaki Aikawa

Kiyohito Asaumi

Shogo Nasu

Kenzo Yamaguchi

Mitsuharu Hamamori

Tsugiyoshi Osakabe

Takeshi Watanabe

Toshiji Kano

Yasushi Samejima

Minoru Shiga

Tatsuhito Kimura

Naoya Okada

Kenji Nonomura

Osamu Ichinose

Yoshifumi Sakurai

Nagakazu Furuya

Kazuo Saito

Yukinori Iguchi

Tsutomu Nishio, Deceased

Tsutomu Nishio

Takuhisa Numata

Tomonori Idutsu

There is provided a method of production of chlorine.sodium hydroxide capable of being operated stably and economically by preventing calcium from being deposited in an ion exchange membrane. The liquid retention layerhaving a liquid retention amount per unit volume of the liquid retention layer of 0.10 g-HO/cmor more and 0.80 g-HO/cmor less is put between the ion exchange membraneand the gas diffusion electrode. Calcium ions transferred through the ion exchange membraneeasily diffuse, thereby making it possible to suppress increase in an electrolytic voltage and drop in current efficiency generated by deposition of the calcium ions inside the ion exchange membrane

Electrolytic cell for producing chlorine&#x2014;sodium hydroxide and method of producing chlorine&#x2014;sodium hydroxide

[Problems] The liquid pressure of an anode chamber in a two-chamber ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell using a gas diffusion electrode are different among one another depending on depths so that the liquid pressures are applied on an anode or an ion exchange membrane, thereby introducing damage or deformation of the elements. [Means for Solving] A cushion materialis accommodated between a cathode gas chamber back plateand a gas diffusion electrodeof an ion exchange membrane electrolytic cellsuch that a repulsive force of the cushion material at the bottom part of the cathode gas chamber is larger than that at the top part. The excessive pressure applied to an ion exchange membrane is suppressed to prevent the generation of scratches or the like by decreasing the repulsive force of the cushion material toward the top in accordance with a differential pressure between an anode chamber pressure and a cathode gas chamber pressure.

Ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell

In a gas diffusion electrode assembly, and in an electrolyzer using the same, a bonding piece having on at least one surface a perfluorosulfonic acid layer, a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride layer or an alkyl ester of perfluorocarboxylic acid layer is positioned at its perfluoro compound layer surface with respect to the gas diffusion electrode assembly. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are heat fusion bonded together, or heat fusion bonding is carried out using the bonding piece in a frame form. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are sealed up by heat fusion bonding, using a material that is similar to the material that forms the gas diffusion electrodes.

Gas diffusion electrode assembly, bonding method for gas diffusion electrodes, and electrolyzer comprising gas diffusion electrodes

Provided is a process which permits, upon preparation of chlorine and a caustic alkali by electrolyzing an aqueous alkali chloride solution in an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode, decrease of an excess ratio of an oxygen containing gas to be fed newly to the gas diffusion cathode and facilitates temperature control of the electrolytic cell. A process for electrolyzing an alkali chloride comprising: introducing saline water into an anode chamber of an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode; and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a gas chamber of a gas diffusion cathode, to thereby obtain chlorine in the anode chamber and an aqueous caustic alkali solution in the cathode chamber.

Method for electrolysis of alkali chloride

A method of operating an alkali chloride electrolytic cell, comprising: providing an alkali chloride electrolytic cell comprising a gas diffusion cathode and a cation-exchange membrane, the gas diffusion cathode and cation-exchange membrane defining a caustic chamber; allowing a caustic alkali aqueous solution to flow in the caustic chamber at a linear velocity of at least 1 cm/sec.

Method of operating alkali chloride electrolytic cell

An electrolytic cell using an oxygen cathode, for use in an ion-exchange membrane electrolytic soda process or the like, the electrolytic cell having; a structure, wherein, for effective supply and discharge of a caustic liquid and for an effective handling of a caustic liquid leakage, provided on an outer-side edge of the electrolytic cell are an upper chamber as a caustic liquid discharge outlet, a lower chamber as a caustic liquid introduction inlet, and a caustic-liquid room frame connected via a caustic liquid passage to thereby reduce a caustic liquid leakage; a structure, wherein a lower gas chamber is provided at the lower outer end of a cathode element to thereby handle a caustic liquid leakage from a gas diffusion electrode to a gas room; or a structure which uses a gas-liquid permeating gas diffusion electrode to supply an oxygen gas from an upper chamber communicating with a gas room and discharge a gas and a caustic liquid into a lower chamber.

Electrolytic cell using gas diffusion electrode and power distribution method for the electrolytic cell

An electricity leading method for a gas diffusion electrode is provided, by which a gas diffusion electrode is easily fixed to a cathode current collecting frame, the contact part has reduced electrical resistance, even an electrically insulating mesh sheet can be utilized as a gas chamber, and only the gas diffusion electrode can be replaced in renewal of the electrode. The method includes preparing a gas diffusion electrode by sandwiching a conductor made of a highly conductive metallic mesh or spongy processed material in catalyst layers or attaching a catalyst layer onto the conductor while leaving the conductor exposed in the outer periphery of the electrode, and electrically connecting the exposed part of the conductor to a cathode chamber current collecting frame.

Method for reducing charge in gas diffusing electrode and its charge reducing structure

A sodium chloride electrolytic cell is provided, comprising a gas diffusion electrode that allows smooth supply and discharge of catholyte for electrolyzing sodium chloride and allows oxygen gas to come in good contact therewith. The sodium chloride electrolytic cell comprises an anode chamber having an anode into which an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and a cathode chamber having the foregoing gas diffusion electrode for producing an alkaline aqueous solution, the anode chamber and the cathode chamber being divided by an ion exchange membrane. The sodium chloride electrolytic cell is arranged to effect electrolysis in such a manner that there occurs no pressure differential between the catholyte chamber and the gas chamber in the gas diffusion electrode. Further, a nickel mesh substance is fitted in a concave portion having the same size as that of the gas diffusion electrode formed in the central portion of a thin nickel plate.

Soda electrolytic cell provided with gas diffusion electrode

A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, wherein a magnetic film comprising a partially oxidized cobalt with its in-plane coercive force not less than 500 Oe is provided on a substrate. Further disclosed are megnetic recording media, wherein there is further provided an underlayer comprising Cr, Fe or an Fe-Co alloy under said magnetic film, and wherein a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film comprising a partially oxidized metal is further provided on said magnetic film. The magnetic recording media of the present invention are high in recording density and reproduction output, low in noise and high in S/N ratio.

Magnetic recording medium having a Co-O magnetic layer, and specified

A perpendicular magnetic storage medium in which a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film having an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the plane thereof is formed on a substrate, wherein the perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film is a film of a sub-oxide of Fe-Co alloy, the sub-oxide has a half-value width not less than 0.7 degrees with respect to a diffracted X-ray peak caused by oxide phase observed in X-ray diffraction spectrum, and saturation magnetization in terms of 4.pi.Ms of the film is within a range from 6,000 Gauss to 13,000 Gauss. The medium has high recording/reproducing sensitivity, high recording density and high wear resistance, and can be produced easily and economically at a low substrate temperature.

Perpendicular magnetic storage medium

A perpendicular magnetic storage medium comprising a substrate and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film formed on the substrate, characterized in that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film is a film of a sub-oxide of a metal having a composition described by a general formula [(Fe.sub.1-x Co.sub.x).sub.1-y M.sub.y ].sub.1-z O.sub.z [where 0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.75, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.30, 0.05.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.50 and M means at least one metal excluding Fe and Co.); and has an easy magnetization axis being perpendicular to a plane thereof, and both a peak of diffracted X-ray intensity caused by oxidized Fe and a peak of diffracted X-ray intensity caused by metal state Fe and Co and Metal M observed in X-ray diffraction spectrum. The perpendicular magnetic storage medium of the present invention can be produced easily and economically at a low substrate temperature, and has high wear resistance, high recording/reproducing sensitivity and high recording density.

A perpendicular magnetic storage medium comprising a substrate and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film formed on the substrate, characterized in that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropic film is a film of a sub-oxide of a metal having a composition described by a general formula [(Fe.sub.1-x Co.sub.x).sub.1-y M.sub.y ].sub.1-z O.sub.z [where 0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.75, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.30, 0.05.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.50 and M means at least one metal excluding Fe and Co.]; and has an easy magnetization axis being perpendicular to a plane thereof, and both a peak of diffracted X-ray intensity caused by oxidized Fe and a peak of diffracted X-ray intensity caused by metal state Fe and Co and Metal M observed in X-ray diffraction spectrum. The perpendicular magnetic storage medium of the present invention can be produced easily and economically at a low substrate temperature, and has high wear resistance, high recording/reproducing sensitivity and high recording density.

A perpendicular magnetization amorphous thin film of an alloy of samarium, cobalt and bismuth having an easy magnetizing axis perpendicular to a plane of substrate, and the preparation thereof. According to the thin film, a large saturation magnetization is obtained along an easy magnetizing direction perpendicular to the plane of substrate. The thin film can be prepared by depositing samarium, cobalt and bismuth on the substrate without any applying a bias voltage to the substrate.

Perpendicular magnetization film

Disclosed is an electrolysis process which is characterized by carrying out the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution while supplying a cathode liquor into a cathode compartment formed between a cation exchange membrane positioned substantially horizontal and a cathode plate of gas-liquid impermeability, with which the membrane is wetted, then a mixed stream of the cathode liquor and cathode gas being removed from the cathode compartment. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell which is comprised of an upper anode compartment and a lower cathode compartment partitioned by a cation exchange membrane positioned substantially horizontal, said anode compartment having therein substantially horizontal anodes and an anolyte solution inlet and outlet, and said cathode compartment having a cathode plate with gas-liquid impermeability and a cathode liquor inlet and an outlet of a mixed stream of the cathode liquor and cathode gas.

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Toyonaka, Japan

Koji Saiki