International Business Machines Corporation

Koichi Kamijo

Norishige Morimoto

Masaharu Sakamoto

Shuichi Shimizu

Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Noboru Kamijo

Toru Aihara

Masana Murase

Akashi Satoh

Akio Koide

Alwyn R Lobo

Tohru Sakakura

Hidenobu Hanami

Kiran Appasaheb Kate

Ikuo Shoh

Methods and arrangements for processing face-to-face mobile phone transactions. An agreed-upon price for a product is accepted from a buyer mobile phone and a seller mobile phone. Distinct random numbers are assigned to each of the buyer and seller mobile phones. The random number assigned to the seller mobile phone is received from the buyer mobile phone, and the random number assigned to the buyer mobile phone is received from the seller mobile phone. A match is ascertained between the buyer and seller mobile phones based on receipt from the buyer mobile phone the random number assigned to the seller mobile phone and receipt from the seller mobile phone the random number assigned to the buyer mobile phone.

Systems and methods for face-to-face mobile phone mercantile transactions

A method for printing and extracting of a barcode for an object includes dividing a barcode into disjointed regions and assigning the disjointed regions to different locations on an object. The disjointed regions are printed on the object at the different locations wherein the disjointed regions are printed visibly or invisibly.

Printing and extraction of 2D barcode on 3D objects

A method and system for embedding an electronic watermark directly in an MPEG stream is provided. An intra-macroblock of an I-frame or of a P or B-frame is detected in an MPEG stream, and following the detection of an intra-macroblock of the I-frame or of the P or B-frame, data for one macroblock are extracted from the MPEG stream and buffered. An embedding pattern is embedded in the buffered macroblock without changing the length of VLC, and the resultant macroblock is returned to the MPEG stream. More specifically, a DC factor is extracted from the buffered macroblock, and a pseudorandom number is generated to produce an embedding pattern. Then, whether the bit length of the DC factor will not be changed by embedding the obtained embedded pattern is determined. When the bit length of the DC factor not be changed, the embedding pattern is embedded in the buffered macroblock. When the bit length will be changed, whether &#xbd; of the embedding pattern can be embedded is determined. If possible, &#xbd; of the embedded pattern is embedded in the macroblock.

System and method for embedding additional information in video data

Reduces message length of encrypted message to be transmitted selectively to plurality of decrypting devices. An encrypting device includes a generating unit for generating node associating information configured to associate respective terminal nodes in a tree structure with each decrypting device in relation to a group of decrypting devices enabled for decryption, an extracting unit for extracting a decryption enabled node containing decrypting devices in descendant terminal nodes and not containing a decrypting device with decryption disabled in any of the descendant terminal nodes, and a unit for encrypting the message by use of a node encryption key for the decryption enabled node. Decrypting devices include specifying unit for specifying terminal node associated with decrypting device based on node associating information, and a decrypting unit for decrypting encrypted message using a node decryption key for any decryption enabled nodes ranging from terminal node to root node thereof.

Encrypted communication for selectively delivering a message to multiple decrypting devices

Reduces message length of encrypted message to be transmitted selectively to plurality of decrypting devices. An encrypting device includes a generating unit for generating node associating information configured to associate respective terminal nodes in a tree structure with each decrypting device in relation to a group of decrypting devices enabled for decryption, a extracting unit for extracting a decryption enabled node containing decrypting devices in descendant terminal nodes and not containing a decrypting device with decryption disabled in any of the descendant terminal nodes, and a unit for encrypting the message by use of a node encryption key for the decryption enabled node. Decrypting devices include specifying unit for specifying terminal node associated with decrypting device based on node associating information, and a decrypting unit for decrypting encrypted message using a node decryption key for any decryption enabled nodes ranging from terminal node to root node thereof.

Provided is a content play back apparatus including: a play back means for playing content including audio or video; a play list managing means for managing a play list which is a list of identification information on content previously played by the play back means; a blacklist acquiring means for acquiring a blacklist which is a list of identification information on content illegally copied in the past; and a play back restricting means for restricting content play back of the play back means when any of identification information included in the play list is included in the blacklist.

Content play back, information processing, and play back restriction

It is one object of the present invention to provide a method and system for embedding an electronic watermark directly in an MPEG stream. An intra-macroblock of an I-frame or of a P or B-frame is detected in an MPEG stream, and following the detection of an intra-macroblock of the I-frame or of the P or B-frame, data for one macroblock are extracted from the MPEG stream and buffered. An embedding pattern is embedded in the buffered macroblock without changing the length of VLC, and the resultant macroblock is returned to the MPEG stream. More specifically, a DC factor is extracted from the buffered macroblock, and a pseudorandom number is generated to produce an embedding pattern. Then, whether the bit length of the DC factor will not be changed by embedding the obtained embedded pattern is determined. When the bit length of the DC factor not be changed, the embedding pattern is embedded in the buffered macroblock. When the bit length will be changed, whether &#xbd; of the embedding pattern can be embedded is determined. If possible, &#xbd; of the embedded pattern is embedded in the macroblock.

System for embedding additional information in video data, and embedding method

The invention provides methods, apparatus and systems for providing robustness relative to data compression and conversion for additional information embedded into digital content. Before predetermined additional information is embedded into digital content, the state following the embedding of additional information is set for the feature values that are used for the embedding of the additional information, so that the distribution of the feature values obtained following the embedding conforms to a predetermined function. Then, based on the setting contents, the feature values of the digital content are changed. In the information detection process, when the digital content in which the additional information is embedded is compressed, a predetermined distribution of the feature values of the digital content is employed to reproduce the distribution of the digital content feature values in the state preceding the conversion. Based on this reproduced distribution, the additional information embedded into the digital content is detected.

Data embedding, detection, and processing

A system for authenticating digital data capable of preventing change or disguise of data by improvement or interchange in case of no confidentiality in the data itself so as to maintain the data. When writing digital data from an input device to a memory and transferring the digital data from the memory to a receiving device, device authentication is performed between the input device and the memory and between the memory and the receiving device respectively. At the same time, when writing digital data to the memory, in the case of implementing on the digital data an electronic signature by a one-way hash function and also reading from the memory and transferring the digital data, the implemented electronic signature is decrypted so as to transfer the digital data after ensuring that it has not been changed since it was recorded. Thus, it is possible to prevent change or disguise of data by improvement or interchange in case of no confidentiality in the data itself so as to maintain the data.

System for authenticating digital data

The object of the present invention is to eliminate, in a data processing system having multiple buses, a combination of devices that can not be accessed via a PCI to PCI bridge. When an access request is issued to an S.sub.-- ISA device by an S.sub.-- PCI device, a PCI to PCI bridge determines whether or not a requested address is outside a blocked area, and whether or not the address matches an address stored in a retry register. When the requested address does not match the address in the retry register, the PCI to PCI bridge mistakes the access request for an access to a P.sub.-- PCI device. Thus, the PCI to PCI bridge positively decodes the access request on the S.sub.-- PCI bus, and transmits an access request on the P.sub.-- PCI bus. However, since none of the P.sub.-- PCI devices do not decode the request, the PCI to PCI bridge has to terminate the bus cycle on the P.sub.-- PCI bus by master abort. At this time, the PCI to PCI bridge stores the requested address in the retry register, and terminates the bus cycle on the S.sub.-- PCI bus in the retry manner. Following this, although the S.sub.-- PCI device tries again to access the S.sub.-- ISA device, the PCI to PCI bridge refers to the address in the retry register and does not decode the access request. Since none of devices on the S.sub.-- PCI bus positively decodes the access request, the PCI to ISA bridge subtractively decodes the request. As a result, the access request is transmitted to the S.sub.-- ISA bus, and the S.sub.-- ISA device can decode this request, thereby establishing a correct bus cycle.

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Yokohama, Japan

Koichi Kamijo