Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha

Kohei Ishizuka

Yasuhiro Kita

Yoshitaka Takasaki

Narimichi Maeda

Yoshinori Nagoya

Yoshiro Kokuryo

Masahiro Koya

Kazuhiko Takaoka

Junichi Nakagawa

Jun'ichi Nakagawa

Takeo Kusama

Osamu Yumoto

Tamio Takeuchi

Teruhisa Azumaguchi

Masaya Nakata

Tsutomu Kohno

Akisada Moriguchi

Hiroki Irie

Junji Takeda

Atushi Miura

A light transmission module is disclosed, having a light receiving element module, in which a photodiode and a coupling portion between the photodiode and a first optical fiber are hermetically sealed, and a light emitting element module, in which a laser diode driven by an electric signal and a coupling portion between said laser diode and a second optical fiber are also hermetically sealed. A two-sided print board is provided, on the two sides of which electric circuits for a transmitting system and a receiving system are mounted. The electric circuits for the transmitting and receiving circuits are; isolated electrically from each other, and are sealed in one body by molds, and accommodated in cases, together with the light receiving element module and the light emitting element module.

Light transmission module

In a gain control circuit, an electric power calculating circuit is connected to a variable gain amplifier and a gain setting circuit for generating a gain control signal applied to the variable gain amplifier to control the gain thereof.

Electric power detecting circuit and gain control circuit using the same

An equalizer apparatus suitable for use in a MODEM for receiving a signal having passed through a number of carrier-band lines is disclosed in which the number of carrier-band lines is detected from a training signal, and electrical connection of a fixed equalizer to a variable equalizer is controlled on the basis of the number of carrier-band lines, in order to form a precise, simple automatic equalizer apparatus.

Automatic equalizer apparatus

A circuit for varying the gain of an amplifier circuit linearly in decibel by the use of a digital code signal varying linearly, wherein a resistance network to be connected between an amplifier having a fixed gain and an input or output portion for the amplification is connected and the gain of the amplifier as well as the values of resistance elements constituting the resistance network is set so that the transfer function of the amplifier circuit may become: ##EQU1## .

Gain control circuit

A variable equalizer whose frequency characteristic varies in a range of 1-1/Y(f).sup.2 when the gain x of a variable amplifier varies from 0 (zero) to .infin. (infinity), and which reduces the number of shaping networks for the variable frequency characteristic. It is constructed of a forward pass circuit which consists of a variable amplifier and a frequency-dependent first circuit connected in the order mentioned between input and output terminals, a feedback pass circuit which is dependent upon the frequency and which feeds-back an output of the variable amplifier to an input thereof, and a feed forward pass circuit which is independent of the frequency and which feeds forward part of the input of the variable amplifier to an output of the first circuit.

Variable equalizer

A variable equalizer is provided which, using a single variable resistor, can make compensations in both the directions of the gain side, and the loss side and can set a reference gain as desired. An input signal to be equalized is received as an antiphase input signal of a differential amplifier, an output signal which has been equalized is fed back to the antiphase input signal, and a difference signal between an in-phase input signal and the antiphase input signal is delivered as an output. A resistor is connected between an input terminal and ground, first and second impedance circuits and a variable resistor are connected between an intermediate point of the first-mentioned resistor and ground in the order mentioned, and a voltage at the junction point between the first and second impedance circuits is used as the in-phase input signal.

To form a simple and economical variable equalizer, the equalizer is constructed of a differential amplifier having two input terminals to which an input signal to be equalized and an equalized output signal derived from the output terminal are applied, a first impedance circuit connected between the differential amplifier and the output terminal, and a series circuit having a second impedance circuit and a variable resistor connected in series between the output terminal and a ground terminal.

A variable equalizer wherein a series circuit which consists of a voltage source and an impedance circuit having an impedance Z.sub.x is connected in parallel with a circuit for changing an input voltage into a current, and an impedance circuit having an impedance Z.sub.y is also connected in parallel with this current source. The voltage value of the voltage source is made one which is obtained by multiplying the current by a value proportional to 1/Z.sub.y, and the impedance circuit having the impedance Z.sub.y is endowed with a frequency characteristic.

A variable equalizer adapted to be fabricated in an integrated circuit structure and having improved compensation characteristics comprises a parallel connection of two circuits, one including a series connection of a first impedance circuit (impedance: Zy) and an input A.C. signal source circuit having a voltage v.sub.i, the other comprising a series connection of a second impedance circuit (impedance: Z.sub.x) and an A.C. signal source circuit having a voltage amplitude v.sub.z which is equal to v.sub.i (K/Z.sub.y).sup.2, where K is a constant, and the second impedance circuit, consists of a variable resistor.

In order to realize a precision variable equalizer of little errors by a simple circuit arrangement, a plurality of variable transmission circuits having variable transfer coefficients are connected in series between input and output terminals, and feed-back and feed-forward are applied from input and output sides of the respective variable transmission circuits to input and output portions of the variable equalizer through transmission networks having specified transfer characteristics.

An inductorless variable equalizer comprises input and output terminals. A first transmission network is situated in the forward path between the input and output terminals and has a variable transfer coefficient; second and third transmission networks are situated in the feedback and feedforward paths, respectively, between the input and output terminals. Each of these networks has a fixed transfer coefficient and the transfer coefficients of the feedback and feedforward networks having polarities opposite each other.

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Hachioji, Japan

Kohei Ishizuka