Robert Bosch G.m.b.h.

Klaus D Muller

Ernst Linder

Franz Rieger

Helmut Maurer

Hermann Dietz

Winfried Moser

Karl-Hermann Friese

Gunther Stecher

Harald Reber

Horst Franke

Gerhard Holfelder

Konrad Eckert

Cornelius Peter

Ferdinand Grob

Rainer Burkel

Eckart Damson

Kurt Spitzenberger

Bodo Ziegler

Leonhard Boll

Norbert Alaze

Erich Zabler

Reinhard Latsch

Hans-Martin Wiedenmann

Hans Hecht

Dietmar Baumann

Lothar Raff

Wilhelm Polach

Leo Steinke

Friedrich J Esper

Heinz Geier

Friedrich Megerle

Klaus Schmidt

Werner Wilde

Helmut Reum

Heinz Britsch

Thomas Zeller

Wolfgang Leibfried

Karl-Otto Linn

Kurt Herzog

Nicolas Grein

Hans-Wilhelm Zappen

Karl H Friese

Helmut Mauer

Hermann Ziener

Rainer Schubler

Hans J Glas

Ernst Rau

Arrangement for operating a consumer in a motor vehicle

Apparatus for controlling a power control element of a drive unit of a

Electromagnetic valve housing containing throttle and check valve which

Filling-level indicator

High-frequency portions of the video signals are substantially damped at low signal levels by including, selectively, a low-pass filter (12) in circuit with a signal path, selectively, in accordance with the setting of a transfer switch (13), the setting of which is controlled as a function of the signal level with respect to a threshold (U.sub.St), which may vary, for example in accordance with amplification of a signal being received from a television camera tube system (1,2,3).

Video signal noise reduction circuit

A pressure measuring element includes a plate-shaped substrate of ceramic material and a membrane deformable in response to pressure fluctuations. The membrane is made of ceramic material and is mounted to the upper side of the substrate. A pressure-sensitive resistor for measuring pressure is positioned inside the membrane. A heating resistor element is positioned on the underside of the substrate, which maintains the temperature of the substrate constant. A temperature sensor is also arrayed on the upper side of the substrate near the membrane.

Pressure measuring element

Disclosed is a method and device for regulating the preparation of fuel-and-air mixture in a carburetor, fuel injection system and the like of an internal combustion engine. The device includes an oxygen probe directly communicating with the combustion chamber of the engine. Periodically fluctuating output signal of the probe is applied to an averaging circuit which produces an average output signal over a predetermined number of engine cycles. The shape and length of the averaged output signal is indicative whether the mixture ratio is lean or rich. The averaging can be made by means of a lowpass filter, an integrator or at least one counter counting in response to the angular position of the crankshaft or the predetermined time intervals. When the probe output voltage has the form of a hump or bulge, its length or area is used for determining the actual .lambda. value in the rich range of ratios of the mixture.

Method of and device for regulating fuel-and-air mixture supplied to an

To permit calibrating and testing a current-limiting sensor in situ, the sensor is exposed, from time to time, to ambient air forming a standard gas, and the output thereof compared with a standard, for example by connecting a resistor (4) of standard value in circuit therewith or for recalling from a memory (23) in a microcomputer (22) standard conditions; upon determination of a deviation between output from the sensor (2) when exposed to the standard gas--typically air--and the theoretical value as stored, the theoretical or reference value is reset if the deviation is within a predetermined limit or, otherwise, an alarm output is provided. The tolerance limits can be set in such a way that a first alarm output is provided in a narrow tolerance, thus indicating drift of the sensor toward eventual malfunction, and permitting utilization of the sensor for long lifetime, while providing advance warning of imminent failure. Change of applied voltage to the sensor and test for current therethrough can then derive an actual operating curve which can be compared with stored test curves in the memory from which, upon extrapolation, a tendency to failure can be predicted and recognized.

Method for monitoring operation of a current-limiting type gas sensor

To facilitate assembly of a central glass rod in an optical sensor-spark plug combination, electrical energy is conducted to the spark end of the combination by a high temperature resistant tube or sleeve 11 surrounding a central glass rod 2 for only a limited portion of the entire length; electrical energy is conducted to the high temperature resistant sleeve 11, which forms the sparking end of the spark plug, from a terminal connector 1 by a packing 10 of electrically conductive powder, which may include radio noise suppression resistance characteristics, held in place by a compression spring 8, in electrical connection with the terminal connector 1; or by a separate tube 12 surrounding the glass rod 1, and of non-heat resistant material, the glass rod 1 being separated from the other tube 12 by an adhesive which, at the connecting end of the spark plug, need not be high temperature resistant.

Spark plug and optical combustion sensor combination

The linearity of response of a polarographic sensor, of the diffusion-limited current type, having a solid electrolyte (1) and being particularly adapted for measuring oxygen content in exhaust gases from combustion processes, is improved by providing the anode (2b) of the sensor's first, measuring cell with a constant, internal supply of reference oxygen. Preventing the oxygen concentration at the anode (2b) from fluctuating eliminates a non-linearity which would otherwise occur in the plot of oxygen concentration versus diffusion-limited current, as the fuel/air ratio of the mixture being combusted passes 1. The oxygen supply takes the form of a second, pumping cell (3a,3b) which can utilize the same solid electrolyte layer (1) as the first cell, and which pumps oxygen ions across the electrolyte to the second cell's anode (3b), where they become oxygen molecules and are directed through a duct (8) to the measuring cell's anode (2b). Excessive pressure in the duct (8) is prevented by providing small pores (10) in the surrounding glass cover (9) for outward diffusion of excess oxygen. A constant voltage is applied to both cells.

Polarographic sensor and sensing system for determining oxygen content

An elongated plate element, for example of aluminum oxide, or a metal plate which is coated with an insulator such as aluminum oxide, is retained within a hollow spark plug insulator (15) by a sealing mass (38), for example a sinter compound, sintering together the plate element (37) and the insulator body (35). The plate element carries a strip or conductive track layer electrode (25) thereon, located, for example, on one major surface of the plate; at the ignition end, the plate may have a through-hole (52), plated through, so that the ignition electrode will have conductive portions at both sides of the plate, faced by ground electrode portions which likewise can be retained on plate-like carrier elements, and connected to the metal housing (11) of the spark plug via conductive tracks (60, 61) and a conductive sealing ring (17'). The plates can carry heaters (32) and operation sensors, such as gas composition sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor or the like, which may, for example, have one electrode connected to ground or chassis, and hence to the metal housing, and the other electrode carried along in strip form to the connecting end portion of the spark plug. The plate and layer-like construction of the insulating elements permits modular combination of required components having the desired operating and/or sensing characteristics, and are suitable for mass production assembly.

Spark plug with measuring means

A device is proposed for the supply of operating air-fuel mixtures including exhaust gases to internal combustion engines. Between the opening periods of the inlet valves of an internal combustion engine, precisely dispensed quantities of recirculated exhaust gas are pre-stored in the intake channel directly upstream of the inlet valve whereby a stratification of exhaust gas and fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine is obtained.

Device for admitting exhaust gases and fuel-air mixtures into the

An apparatus is proposed for detecting operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine. It has an optical sensor whose output signal is delivered to an amplifier with a variable transmission behavior. As a result, it is possible to have either a stepped or a continuous adaptation of the sensor sensitivity to various operational points of the engine. It is particularly proposed that the amplification for the measurement signal be selected to be high in the case of an opto-electrical combustion chamber observation in a low load range, while it is selected to be low in a high load range, so that relatively equalized measurement results are available for use.

Apparatus for detecting operating data of an internal combustion engine

An apparatus is proposed for controlling the exhaust recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine with auto-ignition, which includes preferably one mixture valve in the area of the discharge opening of the exhaust recirculation line and which is characterized in that the control is accomplished via the mixture valve position ahead of the inlet valves in accordance with the concentration of at least one component of the air-exhaust gas mixture and/or at least one component of the exhaust gas. Thus it is possible to operate the engine with a relatively emission-free exhaust. An exhaust gas reservoir is further provided, with which peaks in the exhaust gas concentration due to a dynamic driving mode can be intercepted. Finally, it is also proposed that the exhaust recirculation be realized solely via a pressure, which can be controlled in open-loop or closed-loop fashion, in the exhaust line by means of a valve.

Apparatus for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation rate in an

To permit individual evaluation of the combustion processes in the respective cylinders (1a-d) of an internal combustion (IC) engine (2), individual optical pick-ups (3a-d; 4a-d) are coupled to the respective cylinders, the output signals either in optical or electrical form are conducted to separate pick-ups for individual evaluation or, alternatively, the output signals are combined and then again separated out by a steering circuit. Individual evaluation can be accomplished by locating light guide fibers from the sensors in a predetermined position with respect to opto-electrical transducers; by forming scanning windows, for example by a rotating disk (19, 20) rotating n in synchronism with the engine and permitting passage of light from the respective fibers of the light guides to respective pick-ups; or by combining the light outputs from the respective sensors (4) either optically by intermixing light guide fibers in a common cable (6'), or electrically in an equivalent OR-circuit (FIG. 8: R.sub.L) with subsequent correlation of the output signal with a specific cylinder by a scanning disk (FIG. 6: 20) with suitably placed openings (22a-d) therein, or an electrical time-multiplex steering circuit (FIG. 8: 30) operating in synchronism with rotation of the engine.

Combustion monitoring system for multi-cylinder internal combustion

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Weiterstadt, Germany

Klaus D Muller