Kuraray Co., Ltd.

Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Kiyoto Ohtsuka

Toshiyuki Kabata

Takuji Okaya

Toshiyuki Ohsawa

Mitsuo Matsumoto

Shushi Nishimura

Koichi Sato

A non-aqueous secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an alkali metal salt dissolved as an electrolyte in an organic polar solvent, includes a negative electrode which is composed of a carbon material with a graphite-like crystalline structure parameter Ip(002)/Io(002) at a diffraction peak at the (002) plane of an X-ray diffraction intensity curve being in the range of 0.7 to 0.95 and with a graphite-like crystalline structure parameter Ip(10)/Io(10) at a diffraction peak at the (10) plane of an X-ray diffraction intensity curve being 0.6 or less.

Non-aqueous secondary liquid battery

This invention relates to a method for electric field orientation of liquid crystal polymers and oriented materials of liquid crystal polymers obtained by the method. This electric field orientation method comprises applying a pulsating electric field which is predominantly unidirectional and whose magnitude is varying periodically or non-periodically to a liquid crystal polymer capable of forming an optically anisotropic melt phase. The oriented material of liquid crystal polymer thus obtained has been unidirectionally oriented and polarized. This oriented, polarized material of liquid crystal polymer can be utilized as a piezoelectric material, pyroelectric material, electret material, non-linear optical element or the like.

Method for electric field orientation of liquid crystal polymers and

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Takatsuki, Japan

Kiyoto Ohtsuka