Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.p.

Kevin P Dekam

Sterling Chaffins

Cassady Sparks Roop

Garry Dale Hinch

Vladek P Kasperchik

James William Stasiak

Thomas A Saksa

Johnathon Holroyd

Jami Ryan Barone

Alexey S Kabalnov

Ali Emamjomeh

Kristopher J Erickson

Stephen G Rudisill

Cory J Ruud

Douglas Pederson

Juan Sebastian Ramirez

Andrew L Van Brocklin

Lihua Zhao

Timothy L Weber

Donald W Schulte

Jayprakash C Bhatt

Terry E McMahon

Yan Zhao

Michael G Monroe

Larrie A Deardurff

Aja Hartman

Mehrgan Khavari

Matthew Thornberry

Paul Tyrell

David C Woodlock

David James Tucker

Anthony J Galvan

Lee Dockstader

Ruhua Cai

Dale Peterson

Bret McHuron-Guss

Robert A Brunck

In an example, an apparatus includes processing circuitry comprising a model assessment module to identify an indication of a conductive element within object model data representing an object to be printed and a print instruction module to generate print instructions to generate the object. The print instructions may include an instruction to print conductive agent to form the conductive element and an instruction to print a fusing agent comprising an instruction to reduce an amount of fusing agent to be printed in a region of the conductive element compared to at least one other region of the object.

Printing conductive elements

The present disclosure is drawn to 3D printing kits, multi-fluid kits for 3D printing, and methods of making 3D printed articles. In one example, a 3D printing kit can include a powder bed material, a fusible fluid, and a magnetic fluid. The powder bed material can include polymer particles. The fusible fluid can include water and a radiation absorber. The fusible fluid can be to selectively apply to the powder bed material. The magnetic fluid can include magnetic particles, and the magnetic fluid can be to selectively apply to the powder bed material.

Three-dimensional printing

Methods and systems for making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a method of making a three-dimensional article can include printing a conductive element including a composite of a conductive material and a polymeric build material; printing an adjacent portion in contact with the conductive element, where the adjacent portion includes a nonconductive polymeric build material; and heating the conductive element by running an electric current through the conductive element, and thereby heating the adjacent portion to a temperature sufficient to change a physical property of the nonconductive polymeric build material of the adjacent portion.

Three-dimensional printing conductive elements

The present disclosure is drawn to 3-dimensional printed parts that can include a conductive composite portion and an insulating portion. The conductive composite portion can include a matrix of fused thermoplastic polymer particles interlocked with a matrix of sintered elemental transition metal particles. The insulating portion can include a matrix of fused thermoplastic polymer particles that are continuous with the matrix of fused thermoplastic polymer particles in the conductive composite portion. The insulating portion can be substantially free of sintered elemental transition metal particles and can include transition metal oxide bronze particles.

3-dimensional printed parts

A strain sensor can include a resistor, a first electrical contact at a first end of the resistor, and a second electrical contact at a second end of the resistor. The resistor can be formed of a matrix of sintered elemental transition metal particles interlocked with a matrix of fused thermoplastic polymer particles.

Strain sensors

A 3-dimensional printed part can include a part body including a first matrix of fusing agent and thermoplastic polymer powder, a security feature including a second matrix of fusing agent, thermoplastic polymer powder, and photoluminescent agent, and a masking feature including a third matrix of fusing agent and thermoplastic polymer powder. The security feature can be positioned beneath and visible through the masking feature upon photoluminescent emission of the security feature.

In an example method for forming three-dimensional (3D) printed electronic parts, a build material is applied. An electronic agent is selectively applied in a plurality of passes on a portion of the build material. A fusing agent is also selectively applied on the portion of the build material. The build material is exposed to radiation in a plurality of heating events. During at least one of the plurality of heating events, the portion of the build material in contact with the fusing agent fuses to form a region of a layer. The region of the layer exhibits an electronic property. An order of the plurality of passes, the selective application of the fusing agent, and the plurality of heating events is controlled to control a mechanical property of the layer and the electronic property of the region.

Forming three-dimensional (3D) electronic parts

In an example, a composition for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a polymer build material and a non-conductive fusing agent dispensable onto the polymer build material to form a polymer-fusing agent composite portion when heated to a sintering temperature, a conductive agent dispensable onto on the polymer build material to form a polymer-conductive agent composite portion when heated at least to the sintering temperature, the conductive agent comprising: at least one conductive particulate present in an amount of from about 10% to about 60% of a total weight of the conductive agent; at least one co-solvent present in an amount of from about 10% to about 50% of a total weight of the conductive agent; and an additive present in an amount of from about 0% to about 10% of a total weight of the conductive agent.

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3-dimensional printing. The material set can include a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 &#x3bc;m to 200 &#x3bc;m, a conductive fusing agent composition including a transition metal, and nonconductive fusing agent composition. The nonconductive fusing agent composition can include transition metal oxide bronze particles.

Material sets

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3-dimensional printing, 3-dimensional printing systems, and 3-dimensional printed parts. A material set can include a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 &#x3bc;m to 100 &#x3bc;m, a photoluminescent ink including a photoluminescent agent, and a fusing ink. The fusing ink can include a fusing agent capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.

Photoluminescent material sets

The present disclosure is drawn to fluid sets, material sets, and 3-dimensional printing systems. A fluid set can include a pretreat composition that includes a salt of an alkali metal with bromide or iodide. The fluid set can also include a conductive fusing agent composition including a transition metal for fusing thermoplastic powder when exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Pretreat compositions

According to examples, a method of making a three-dimensional conductive printed part, including forming a layer of polymeric build material; selectively applying a fusing agent on a first selected area of the formed polymeric build material; selectively applying a conductive agent on a second selected area of the formed polymeric build material; and applying a solder receiving material to a portion of the first selected area and a portion of the second selected area; in which the solder receiving material is present on a surface of the conductive three-dimensional printed part is disclosed.

In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, a polymeric or polymeric composite build material is applied. A dielectric agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material. The dielectric agent includes a dielectric material having an effective relative permittivity (&#x3b5;) value ranging from 1.1 to about 10,000. A fusing agent is selectively applied on the at least the portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material, and the polymeric or polymeric composite build material is exposed to radiation to fuse the at least the portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material to form a region of a layer of a 3D part. The region exhibits a dielectric property, a piezoelectric property, or a combination thereof.

Growing community of inventors

Corvallis, OR, United States of America

Kevin P Dekam