Ethyl Corporation

Ehtyl Corporation

Kestutis A Keblys

Lester P Burton

Christopher J Nalepa

Meng-Sheng Ao

Hassan Y Elnagar

Ronald L Shubkin

Donald H Lucast

Kryn G Ihrman

Scott A Culley

Joseph P Kleiman

Thomas H Coffield

John M McEven

William Kolodchin

Bis(alkylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite is produced by forming a reaction mass from phosphorous trichloride, pentaerythritol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a heterocyclic tertiary amine catalyst followed by the addition of an alkylphenol to the reaction mass. The process further features the use of mild conditions.

Process for preparing bis(alkylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphites

Phosphorus compounds having at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine bonded directly to phosphorus are transhalogenated with fluorine by reaction with a hydrogen fluoride salt of a pyridine-type nitrogen base, e.g. pyridine hydrofluoride in an inert solvent.

Transhalogenation of halophosphorus compounds

Sterically hindered 1,3-diaminocyclohexanes which can be used in the preparation of polyurethane, polyurea, polyurethaneurea, and epoxy resins are prepared by hydrogenating a metaphenylenediamine having alkyl substituents of 1-6 carbons in the 4- and 6-positions and optionally also in the 2-position, at least one of the alkyl substituents containing at least two carbons, and the total number of carbons in the alkyl substituents being at least five, at a temperature of about 170.degree.-200.degree. C. and a pressure of at least about 6.9 MPa, preferably about 20-30 MPa, in the presence of a supported ruthenium catalyst and an activating amount of a modifier selected from alkali metal hydroxides and alkoxides and alkali metal amide salts of the meta-phenylenediamine to form the corresponding 1,3-diaminocyclohexane.

1,3-Diaminocyclohexanes

An aromatic diphosphite as a antioxidant for organic materials. The aromatic diphosphite has the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and straight chain and branched alkyl groups having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least two of said R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are alkyl groups having at least three carbon atoms.

Antioxidant aromatic diphosphites

A polyamine mixture formed from formaldehyde, an ortho-alkylaniline, and an ortho,ortho-dialkylaniline. The polyamine mixture is prepared by heating one of the anilines with formaldehyde, mixing the other aniline with an acid catalyst, and slowly adding the former to the latter. The mixtures are useful as chain extenders in polyurethane processes including reaction injection molding. The novel mixtures give unexpected mold gel and set times as compared to corresponding unmixed compounds formed from a single aniline or formed by previous typical condensation reactions. Also, the proportion of polyamines made by the novel mixtures may be varied to give excellent physical characteristics.

Polyurethanes and process therefor

Various antioxidant-protected polyolefins are protected against initial discoloration from processing, subsequent discoloration, loss of whiteness, and yellowing with time and upon exposure to elevated temperature by addition of various compounds such as triisopropanolamine, bipyridines, and N,N-bis-(2-hydroxymethyl)soyaamine.

Method and composition for preventing or suppressing discoloration in

Reaction of 3-phenoxytoluene with bromine at elevated temperature yields 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide, 3-phenoxybenzal bromide, or a mixture thereof. In contrast to teachings of the prior art, phosphorus halide catalysis or u.v. activation is not required to achieve a desirable amount of side-chain bromination with a minimum of nuclear halogenation. For example, it was observed that at 265.+-.5.degree. C., good yields of the desired benzyl and benzal bromide were obtained, but no nuclear halogenated by-product was detected by gas chromatography. The comparable chlorination is also effective.

Chemical process for preparing 3-phenoxybenzyl chloride

Reaction of 3-phenoxytoluene with bromine at elevated temperature yields 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide, 3-phenoxybenzal bromide, or a mixture thereof. In contrast to teachings of the prior art, phosphorus halide catalysis or u.v. activation is not required to achieve a desirable amount of side-chain bromination with a minimum of nuclear halogenation. For example, it was observed that at 265.+-.5.degree. C., good yields of the desired benzyl and benzal bromide were obtained, but no nuclear halogenated by-product was detected by gas chromatography.

Thermal process for preparing 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide

Metal bromides, and particularly alkali and alkaline earth metal bromides, are prepared from a basic metal compound and bromine in the presence of added formaldehyde as a reducing agent.

Preparation of metal bromides

Iodine is recovered from an aqueous solution containing iodide such as underground brine by repeated cycles of (1) passing the brine through a basic anion exchange resin to adsorb iodide, and (2) oxidizing adsorbed iodide to iodine by passing an acidified aqueous iodate solution (e.g., NaIO.sub.3) through the resin. The cycle is repeated many times until the resin is iodine-loaded. Iodine is then eluted from the resin, for example, with aqueous NaOH and recovered from the eluate by conventional means.

Iodine recovery process

Compounds such as tetramethyl [(2,3,5-tetrabromo-p-phenylene)-dimethylene] diphosphonate are useful as flame retardants in polymers and resins such as unsaturated polyesters and polyester fibers, polystyrene, and the like.

Halogen-containing diphosphonates

The invention is a process for winning nickel by treating an aqueous ammonium salt solution of nickel salts with a carbon monoxide-containing gas under reducing conditions to produce nickel carbonyl and subsequently recovering nickel therefrom. Optionally, the production of nickel carbonyl can be catalyzed, for example, by cyanide. Also, an essentially water-immiscible solvent for nickel carbonyl can optionally be employed. The aqueous ammoniacal solution is typically an aqueous ammoniacal ammonium chloride, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxide, or mixture thereof. The valuable metals associated with nickel, e.g., copper, cobalt, iron, and precious metals, are also separated and recovered by this process. The general nature of the process allows a wide variety of primary and secondary sources of nickel to be utilized by combining this process with a number of known ore-treatment steps.

Method of winning copper, nickel, and other metals

Bromine is produced by reacting chlorine and ethylene dibromide in the presence of an aluminum halide catalyst, e.g. aluminum chloride. A small amount of bromine present prior to chlorine addition shortens the induction period. Some decomposition of the organic product occurs if it is distilled in the presence of aluminum-containing residues. These residues can be removed by water wash which can be followed by drying with H.sub. 2 SO.sub. 4 . After such treatment, ethylene dichloride can be recovered by distillation without substantial decomposition.

Preparation of bromine

A process for preparing cobalt complexes and their use as hydroesterification catalysts are disclosed.

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Southfield, MI, United States of America

Kestutis A Keblys