Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Kenneth S Wheelock

Robert C Schucker

Geoffrey R Say

Elroy M Gladrow

Clyde L Aldridge

Hydrogenation of hydrocarbons with catalysts produced by co-gelling a smectite with an inorganic metal oxide which is unstable with respect to retaining a high surface area, to produce a co-gel of high surface area which has good retention of surface area at high temperatures. Suitable smectites for the practice of this invention are hectorite, chlorite, montmorillionite, beidellite, or admixtures of two or more of these materials with each other or with other materials, or the like. Exemplary of inorganic oxide gels suitable for the practice of this invention are the Group IV-B metal oxides, especially titanium oxide, and other metal oxides such as the oxides of thorium, uranium, silicon, aluminum, and the like. A crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite can be composited with this material to supply an acidic function.

Hydrocarbon hydrogenation with thermally stable mixed titanium oxide gels

Hydrocarbon treating processes such as catalytic cracking and fluid coking are provided in which a perovskite-containing catalytic composition is used as catalyst. The perovskite-containing catalytic composition is produced by interrupting the reaction of perovskite precursors after formation of at least 60 wt. % perovskite and before formation of more than 99 wt. % perovskite from the precursors.

Hydrocarbon treating processes using perovskite-containing catalytic

A process for cogelling a smectite with an inorganic metal oxide which is unstable with respect to retaining a high surface area, to produce a cogel of high surface area which has good retention of surface area at high temperatures. Suitable smectites for the practice of this invention are hectorite, chlorite, montmorillionite, beidellite, or admixtures of two or more of these materials with each other or with other materials, or the like. Exemplary of inorganic oxide gels suitable for the practice of this invention are the Group IV-B metal oxides, especially titanium oxide, and other metal oxides such as the oxides of thorium, uranium, silicon, aluminum, and the like.

Thermally stable mixed oxide gels

A process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in a hydrocarbonaceous oil feed is provided in which the feed is contacted with hydrogen in a substantially sulfur-free environment in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal component, such as palladium, deposited on a steamed support such as steamed tungsten oxide composited with alumina.

Process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons

The activity of a fresh alkaline earth metal perovskite-containing catalyst can be increased by contacting the fresh catalyst with a reducing gas at reducing conditions prior to use. The activated catalyst is useful in hydrocarbon treating processes such as catalytic cracking and fluid coking.

Process for increasing the activity of perovskite catalysts and

A catalyst regeneration process is provided in which the rate of removal of carbon from the coked catalyst is increased at a relatively low temperature when the catalyst comprises a perovskite. Hydrocarbon treating processes utilizing the regenerated perovskite-containing catalysts are also provided. The regenerated catalyst is particularly suited for use in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon residua.

Process for regenerating perovskite catalysts and hydrocarbon treating

A partially deactivated alkaline earth metal perovskite-containing catalyst is reactivated by contact with a reducing gas at reducing conditions. The reactivated catalyst is useful in hydrocarbon treating processes such as catalytic cracking and fluid coking.

Process for reactivating perovskite catalysts and hydrocarbon treating

A fluid coking process is provided in which a catalyst comprising a perovskite comprising at least one transition metal cation is present in the fluid coking zone.

Fluid coking with the addition of perovskite-containing catalysts

A novel catalyst precursor which comprises a Group IV-B transition metal oxide deposited on the surface of an inorganic metal oxide support, preferably alumina; especially where the Group IV-B transition metal oxide is deposited on the support surface as discrete areas separated by areas of support surface which contain little, if any, of said Group IV-B transition metal oxide; and a catalyst composition comprised of a cluster of a Group IV-B transition metal oxide and a Group VIII metal preferably a Group VIII noble metal, deposited on an inorganic metal oxide support, particularly an alumina support, especially where the clusters are deposited on the surface of the support, as discrete clusters separated by areas of support surface which contain little, if any, of said Group VI-B transition metal oxide, or clusters of said Group IV-B and Group VIII metals. The catalyst precursor is prepared by forming a nonaqueous solution of a compound, or compounds, of the Group IV-B metal, contacting and impregnating the desired support with said solution, to deposit said compound, or compounds, of the Group IV-B metal, drying and then calcining said support in a moist atmosphere to form said Group IV-B transition metal oxide upon the support surface, preferably as discrete areas upon the support surface between which there are areas of support surface which contain little, if any, of the transition metal oxide. Such supports can then be impregnated with a solution of a Group VIII noble metal, dried and then calcined to form clusters of said Group IV-B transition metal oxides and said Group VIII noble metals, particularly clusters of such type which are separated by areas devoid of such clusters.

Hydrocarbon conversion using titanium clusters and noble metal on

A novel catalyst precursor which comprises a Group IV-B transition metal oxide deposited on the surface of an inorganic metal oxide support, preferably alumina; especially where the Group IV-B transition metal oxide is deposited on the support surface as discrete areas separated by areas of support surface which contain little, if any, of said Group IV-B transition metal oxide; and a catalyst composition comprised of a cluster of a Group IV-B transition metal oxide and a Group VIII metal preferably a Group VIII noble metal, deposited on an inorganic metal oxide support, particularly an alumina support, especially where the clusters are deposited on the surface of the support, as discrete clusters separated by areas of support surface which contain little, if any, of said Group VI-B transition metal oxide, or clusters of said Group IV-B and Group VIII metals.

Catalyst and a process for its preparation

A perovskite is added to a conventional hydrocarbon cracking catalyst comprising a zeolite and an inorganic oxide gel matrix. The perovskite is present in said catalyst in an amount up to about 10 weight percent based on the total catalyst.

Hydrocarbon cracking using combined perovskite and zeolite catalyst

Hydrocarbon cracking catalyst

The disclosure herein relates to (a) a process for the preparation of catalysts which are highly active for oxidizing the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) present in automobile exhaust gases, with minimum oxidation of the sulfur dioxide, by controlling the acidity of the support, or carrier, within certain critical ranges while a Group VIII noble metal component, or components, is composited with said support in forming the catalyst; (b) a process embodying the use of the so-formed catalysts in the treatment of automotive exhaust gases; and, (c) the catalyst compositions so-formed from supports the surface acidity of which is controlled. In the formation of the catalysts the total surface acidity of the support on which the metal, or metals, component is deposited is maintained between about 0.01 to about 0.10 micromoles pyridine/m.sup.2, and the surface area of the metal, or metals, component ranges up to about 50 m.sup.2 /g, preferably from about 1 m.sup.2 /g to about 35 m.sup.2 /g, and more preferably from about 1 m.sup.2 /g to about 20 m.sup.2 /g.

Selective automotive exhaust catalysts and a process for their

A high surface area perovskite catalyst comprises a perovskite containing at least one transition metal composited with a spinel coated metal oxide support. The catalyst is prepared by forming a surface spinel on a metal oxide and subsequently co-impregnating or co-depositing the appropriate perovskite precursor component on the spinel coated metal oxide, followed by calcination at a temperature of at least 540.degree. C. A preferred catalyst is LaCoO.sub.3 supported on a spinel covered alumina.

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Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America

Kenneth S Wheelock