Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation

Union Carbide Corporation

Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc.

Kenneth A Nielsen

Kenneth L Hoy

John N Argyropoulos

Charles W Glancy

Burkhard Eric Wagner

Madan Mohan Bhasin

Chinsoo Stephen Lee

Hendrik F Bok

Alex C Kuo

Jeffrey Dale Goad

James A Condron

David C Busby

Kenneth D Campbell

David Michael Anthony Minahan

Rick David Cantrell

Anca Ghenciu

Alistair Duncan Westwood

Edmond J Derderian

Keith D Cavender

Marc D Donohue

James Russell Nelson

Lise Dahuron

Jeffrey J Lear

Gary Lynn Culp

Vincent Joseph Stricker

Thomas A Cole

Richard S Cesaretti

Duane F Baumert

Gregory C Ross

Eugene L Jarrett

The present invention provides a catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a lower hydrocarbon to form at least one higher hydrocarbon and/or lower olefin. In one embodiment, the catalyst includes a nonstoichiometric rare earth oxycarbonate of the formula M C O having a disordered and/or defect structure, wherein M is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm; X&equals;2; Z&equals;3&plus;AY; A is less than about 1.8, and Y is the number of carbon atoms in the oxycarbonate. When used for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a lower hydrocarbon at a pressure above about 100 psig, the catalyst has a selectivity of at least about 40% to at least one higher hydrocarbon and/or lower olefin. Methods for preparing catalysts taught by the invention and processes for using the catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of lower hydrocarbons are also provided.

Catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons

The present invention provides methods for manufacturing olefins such as ethylene and propylene from lower alkanes, that is, methane, ethane and/or propane, by oxidative dehydrogenation at elevated pressure. The olefins are selectively recovered from unconverted lower alkane feed and reaction byproducts by using a complexation separation, such as an absorption separation that uses aqueous silver nitrate as the complexation agent. Catalysts are used that give high selectivity for oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes to olefins at elevated pressure, such as a nonstoichiometric rare earth oxycarbonate catalyst.

Methods for manufacturing olefins from lower alkans by oxidative dehydrogenation

The present invention is directed to methods for the spray application of additive compositions containing additive materials in the manufacture of sheet material products, such as paper products, textile products, and flexible sheet products by using compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide and ethane, as a spraying medium. Additive compositions with high viscosity and which are substantially free of water and/or volatile solvent can be applied to sheet materials. Water-borne additive compositions with reduced water content can also be applied to sheet materials. One preferred spray method uses a decompressive spray of the compressed fluid which produces a uniform spray pattern and a narrow droplet size distribution that can improve application efficiency and quality when additive compositions are applied during the spraying step to rapidly conveyed sheet materials.

Spray application of an additive composition to sheet materials

Processes are disclosed for the use of subcritical compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide or ethane, to reduce viscosity and to enhance atomization when spray applying coating compositions containing low molecular weight polymers to substrates, by using spray conditions that produce choked flow in the liquid mixture being sprayed, wherein the subcritical compressed fluid is a gas at standard conditions of 0&deg; C. temperature and one atmosphere pressure and is miscible with the coating composition.

Method for the spray application of polymeric-containing liquid coating compositions using subcritical compressed fluids under choked flow spraying conditions

This invention relates to methods for spraying liquid compositions containing volatile solvent by using compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide or ethane, to form solid particulates, coating powders, and catalyst materials, which can be produced with narrow particle size distributions and can be sprayed at higher solids levels, in ambient air or with heated air applied to just the spray instead of a spray chamber. Novel catalyst supports can be produced having a beneficial morphology such as for olefin catalysis. Drier water-borne coatings can be applied to substrates by using compressed fluids to spray water-borne coating compositions having conventional water levels, thereby reducing runs and sags and shortening dry times.

Process for forming a catalyst, catalyst support or catalyst precursor

This invention relates to methods for spraying liquid compositions containing volatile solvent by using compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide or ethane, to form solid particulates, coating powders, and catalyst materials, which can be produced with narrow particle size distributions and can be sprayed at higher solids levels, in ambient air or with heated air applied to just the spray instead of a spray chamber. Novel catalyst supports can be produced having a beneficial morphology such as for olefin catalysis. Drier water-born coatings can be applied to substrates by using compressed fluids to spray water-born coating compositions having conventional water levels, thereby reducing runs and sags and shortening dry times.

Process for applying a water-borne coating to a substrate with

The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for coating substrates by a liquid spray so as to avoid entrapment of gaseous bubbles, particularly air bubbles, in the coating and desirably to thereby obtain bubble-free coatings. More particularly, the invention involves spray applying the coating to a substrate in an atmosphere consisting of gases having appreciable solubility in the applied coating, such as carbon dioxide, such that gas bubbles that may become entrapped in the coating are removed after application by the gases dissolving into the coating and diffusing to the surface.

Methods and apparatus for reducing air entrapment in spray application

Method for producing coating powders catalysts and drier water-borne

The present invention relates to precursor coating compositions which are particularly suitable for being admixed with at least one supercritical fluid used as a viscosity reduction diluent and then spraying this resultant liquid mixture of supercritical fluid and precursor coating composition onto a substrate to be coated.

Precursor coating compositions suitable for spraying with supercritical

The present invention is directed to methods for spraying polymeric compositions with supercritical or subcritical compressed fluids such as carbon dioxide or ethane over a wider range of spray conditions to provide improved spray application quality with reduced emission of solvent. The methods are accomplished by using an elongated spray orifice to transform narrow, fishtail, liquid-film sprays to wider, feathered, decompressive sprays.

Methods for spraying polymeric compositions with compressed fluids and

The present invention is directed to methods for spraying water-borne coating compositions having at least about thirty five percent by weight of the solvent fraction by using compressed fluids such as carbon dioxide and ethane, so as to decrease runs, sags and drying time in the application of coatings.

Methods for the spray application of water-borne coatings with

The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for effectively proportionating a mixture of compressible and non-compressible fluids and in particular, the present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for forming a coating composition mixture containing a substantially accurate proportionated amount of at least one supercritical fluid used as a viscosity reduction diluent.

Method and apparatus for metering and mixing non-compressible and

Methods are presented by which compressed fluids such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ethane can be admixed with solvent-borne compositions that contain a high concentration of solid polymer, such as coating compositions, whereby precipitation of the solid polymer can be avoided, thereby preventing plugging of the mixing apparatus.

Methods for admixing compressed fluids with solvent-borne compositions

The application contains subject matter related to cleaning mixtures and methods for using such cleaning mixtures to clean apparatus which contain one or more polymeric compounds wherein said cleaning mixture is comprised of at least one compressed fluid and at least one active solvent in which said at least one or more polymeric compounds are at least partially soluble and which is at least partially miscible with the at least one compressed fluid, said compressed fluid being a gas at standard conditions of 0.degree. C. and one atmosphere (STP), which cleaning mixture is in one phase and at a pressure at which the cleaning mixture is substantially near its two phase region.

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Charleston, WV, United States of America

Kenneth A Nielsen