Hitachi, Ltd.

Babcock-hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha

Babcock-hitachi Kabushiki

Hitachi Babcock Kabushiki-kaisha

Kenichi Sohma

Shigeru Azuhata

Norio Arashi

Hironobu Kobayashi

Kiyoshi Narato

Tooru Inada

Tadayoshi Murakami

Michio Kuroda

Hiroshi Miyadera

Masayuki Taniguchi

Yoji Ishibashi

Yasuo Yoshii

Yoshitaka Takahashi

Hideo Kikuchi

Fumio Koda

Stephen M Masutani

Yasuo Iwai

Hiroatsu Tokuda

Kazutoshi Higashiyama

Ryoichi Kaneko

Shuntaro Koyama

Keizou Ohtsuka

Tadahisa Masai

Sinji Tanaka

Shigekazu Nishimoto

Tugihiro Yukitake

Kazuyuki Itoh

Masakiyo Tanikawa

Kei Kawano

Tooru Inata

Isao Koyama

Tatsuzou Enomoto

Kenshi Kobayashi

Masao Masutani

A camera includes a plurality of photosensors disposed on an imaging surface. The photosensors separately output respective photodetection signals, and are grouped into a plurality of photosensitive units each including at least two of the photosensors. The photosensors of each of the photosensitive units have respective detection wavelength ranges which do not overlap one another. The photodetection signals outputted from selected ones of the photosensors of each of the photosensitive units are used in performing spectrum analysis. R (red), G (green), and B (blue) signals are synthesized from the photodetection signals outputted from the photosensors of each of the photosensitive units and are used in displaying an ordinary color image.

Camera, spectrum analysis system, and combustion evaluation apparatus

The invention is to continuously measure the contents of trace ingredients such as alkaline metal contained in combustion gas with high precision. An oxidizer and fuel are supplied into a flue line to form a flame, while a part of the combustion gas is introduced to the flame for inducing light emission. The contents of metal ingredients in the gas are calculated based on the intensity of the emitted light. Since a flame forming device is installed in the flue line without any additional equipment such as a sampling line, and such the contents of trace ingredients in the gas are calculated based on the intensity of the emitted light, the contents of the trace ingredients can be measured with high precision. Quickly responsive monitoring and control are assured.

Method for measuring metal ingredients in combustion gas

A gas turbine combustor of the pre-mixed combustion system in which the pre-mixed fuel and the air are combusted. The gas turbine combustor comprises main cylindrical nozzles provided in the end wall on the upstream side of a cylindrical combustion chamber, auxiliary nozzles formed to surround the main nozzles, a main pre-mixed gas supply for supplying a pre-mixed gas to the main nozzles, and an auxiliary pre-mixed gas supply for supplying a pre-mixed gas having an fuel/air ratio smaller than that of the main pre-mixed gas to the auxiliary nozzles, and wherein it is allowed to stably burn a lean pre-mixed gas having an fuel/air ratio of greater than 1 from a low-load condition through and up to a high-load condition of the gas turbine.

Gas turbine combustor of the completely premixed combustion type

Method of burning a premixed gas and a combustor for practicing the method. A jet of the premixed gas is burnt from an inside to an outside of the jet to form a premix flame. A burned gas is mixed into the premixed gas from the outside of the jet. The burned gas is produced when premixed gas is burned.

Method of burning a premixed gas in a combustor cap

Combustor for burning a premixed gas

A combustion/evaluation apparatus having a sampling member for sampling light emitted from flame in an internal combustion engine, optical fibers for separating the light sampled by the sampling member into at least two lights, optical filters for selectively transmitting lights having different wavelengths by being provided in optical paths for the separated lights, photoelectric conversion elements for respectively converting optical signals transmitted through the optical filters into electrical signals, and a calculation/evaluation unit for calculating an air ratio and a temperature for evaluation of the combustion condition of the flame by using a ratio of outputs from the photoelectric conversion elements, and for evaluating the combustion condition on the basis of the air ratio and the temperature. Preferably, the air ratio is calculated based on the ratio of an electrical signal output from the photoelectric conversion element obtained from the optical signal from CH radicals and an electrical signal output from the photoelectric conversion element obtained from the optical signal from C.sub.2 radicals, and the temperature is calculated from the ratio of electrical signal outputs from said photoelectric conversion elements based on an optical signal obtained from thermal radiation having wavelengths including none of the wavelengths of an optical signal obtained from radical emission.

Combustion evaluation apparatus and combustion controller

A low-NOx boiler comprises a burner for burning gaseous fuel, heat transfer pipes heating water by combustion heat of the burner to generate steam and having a passage through which water flows, a steam drum communicating with the heat transfer pipe and accumulating the steam from the heat transfer pipe, and an exhaust gas duct located in the furnace to exhaust combustion gas generated by combustion of gaseous fuel outside of the boiler. The boiler further comprises unburnt gas burner in the exhaust gas duct for burning unburnt content in the combustion gas flowing in the duct. The unburnt gas burner includes a nozzle for injecting premixture flow of fuel and combustion air and flame holding plate located near the downstream side of the outlet of the nozzle to interrupt the premixture flow to form a circulating flow on downstream side of the flame holding plate. As gaseous fuel and air are mixed in advance and a flame is formed, the flame length can be shortened. Furthermore, the flame holding plate enables to reduce NOx generated. Unburnt gas burner provided in the exhaust gas duct makes it possible to notably reduce the concentration of NOx discharged to the outside of the system.

Low NOx boiler

A gas turbine combustor comprises a combustion chamber, a premixing chamber in which hydrocarbon fuel and air are premixed, a nozzle with swirler for swirling and injecting the premixed fuel and air into the combustion chamber, to effect premixed combustion, and a fuel nozzle projecting into the combustion chamber and adapted to inject fuel at region wherein the premixed combustion is completed, so as to effect low air-ratio diffusion combustion thereby to produce reducing substance. NOx produced by the premixed combustion is reduced by reducing reaction with the reducing substances, so that the NOx concentration in the combustion gas is reduced. The combustor further includes an after-air ports on a peripheral wall defining the combustion chamber to effect combustion of unburnt substances.

Gas turbine combustor and a method of combustion thereby

A low NOx burning method and apparatus wherein a low air ratio flame burned with an amount of air less than an amount of air in a theoretical air ratio required for burning fuel perfectly is formed, and combustibles discharged from the low air ratio flame are burned at a trailing stream of the low air ratio flame while supplying air. The low air ratio flame is a premixing flame burned by premixing the fuel and air, and combustion of the premixing flames is maintained in the vicinity of the premixing flame. In this way, the generation of the NOx during the burning can be greatly decreased, and the required apparatus can be small-sized.

Low NOx burning method and low NOx burner apparatus

A spectroscope apparatus includes a device for separating light from an object to be measured into spectral components, a device for mixing spectral components which exists in a desired wavelength range, and a device for forming an image of the to-be-measured body of mixed light. The image obtained is very useful for observing the state of a combustion flame, the progress a photochemical reaction, the progress of a biochemical reaction, tissue in a cell, and the state of a flame for analyzing a solution which contains a metal ion by flame spectrophotometry. The apparatus provides accurate analytical information and makes possible precise control operations.

Spectroscope apparatus and reaction apparatus using the same

A low NOx burner comprises a pulverized coal nozzle for injecting a flow of a mixture of pulverized coal with primary air, a secondary air nozzle arranged externally of and coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, a tertiary air nozzle arranged externally of the secondary air nozzle and disposed coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, and a swirl flow generator for injecting secondary air and tertiary air as a respective swirl flow. Between the secondary air nozzle and the tertiary air nozzle, there is provided a spacer having such a thickness as to delay the mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air and to form a swirl flow between the secondary air and the tertiary air.

Low NOx burner

A spectroscope apparatus includes means for separating light from an object to be measured into spectral components, means for mixing that part of the spectral components which exists in a desired wavelength range, and means for forming an image of the to-be-measured body of mixed light. The image thus obtained is very useful for observing the state of a combustion flame, the progress of photochemical reaction, the progress of biochemical reaction, a desired tissue in a cell, and the state of a flame for analyzing a solution which contains a metal ion, by flame spectrophotometery, that is, provides accurate information and makes possible a precise control operation.

An atomizer including a fuel supply passage for supplying a fuel, an atomizing medium supply passage for supplying an atomizing medium which is to be mixed with the fuel, a mixing chamber in communication with the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage, and spray ports for spraying the fluid mixture consisting of the fuel and the atomizing medium from the mixing chamber. The fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passages are communicated with the mixing chamber through a pre-mixing chamber having an annular cross-section defined by a large-diameter cylindrical surface and a small-diameter cylindrical surface. The fuel and the atomizing medium supplied from the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage are pre-mixed the pre-mixing chamber. With this arrangement, it is possible to efficiently mix a slurry fuel and an atomizing medium, thus reducing the particle size of the atomized fuel particles and shortening the flame length. Thus, the atomizer of the invention is indispensable for the boilers which are intended for burning coal-water slurry. The invention makes it possible to form flames with reduced NOx generation and a high burning efficiency through combination between atomizer of the construction described above and a burner having a specific construction.

Atomizer and coal-water slurry fired boiler utilizing the same

A method of combusting a coal-water mixture fuel. The mixture is atomized into a conically-shaped primary pre-combustion chamber. Primary air is supplied, at a rate smaller than that required for complete burning of the mixture and in the form of a swirl about the axis of the jet of the atomized mixture, from the peripheral portion of the primary pre-combustion chamber into a secondary pre-combustion chamber connected to said primary pre-combustion chamber, thus forming a region of low pressure around the jet of the mixture. The region of low pressure serves to induce the atmosphere gas from the secondary pre-combustion chamber of higher temperature back into the primary pre-combustion chamber of a lower temperature, so that the water content of the mixture is evaporated and the mixture is ignited by the heat of the hot atmosphere gas. Then, the mixture is burnt in the secondary pre-combustion chamber in the presence of the remainder portion of the primary air, at a comparatively small air-to-ratio, so that a region of a reducing atmosphere is formed to suppress the generation of NOx. Then, secondary air is supplied, in the form of a swirl about the axis of the jet of the mixture and at a rate sufficient to completely burn the mixture, into the furnace connected to the secondary pre-combustion chamber, thus completely combusting the coal-water mixture.

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Ibaraki, Japan

Kenichi Sohma