Japan Metals & Chemicals Co., Ltd.

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.

Japan Metals & Chemical Co. Inc.

Kenichi Kobayashi

Tatsuhiko Fujinuma

Takashi Sasai

Hidenori Tomioka

Manabu Takahashi

Tetsuro Sawai

Toshikazu Imaoka

Toru Nishikawa

Atsushi Kawasumi

Shinichi Matsuura

Masahito Kanaya

Masakazu Ueno

Atsushi Nakano

Hiroyuki Tamura

Koichi Oku

Hisao Konno

Noboru Hayami

Susumu Uoya

The battery pack is provided with an analog front-end that detects battery voltage, and a micro-controller connected to the analog front-end that accepts analog voltage signals from the analog front-end as input. The micro-controller switches voltage signals input from the analog front-end to determine failure of the analog front-end or the micro-controller.

Battery pack

A semiconductor module includes: a substrate having a wiring layer; a first rectangular-shaped semiconductor device mounted on one surface of the substrate; a second rectangular-shaped semiconductor device mounted on the other surface of the substrate. The first semiconductor device is arranged such that each side thereof is not parallel to that of the second semiconductor device, and that the first semiconductor device is superimposed on the second semiconductor device, when seen from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Semiconductor module

A small, thin camera module is provided in which a chipset made up of the image pickup element (), etc., is sealed with the transparent resin () wherein a camera module () is made up of a conductive pattern (); a signal processing element () having a surface on which an element is formed and which is shielded from light by being mounted facedown on the conductive pattern (); an image pickup element () fixed onto the signal processing element (); a thin metal wire () by which an electrical connection is established between the image pickup element () and the conductive pattern (); a transparent resin () with which the signal processing element (), the image pickup element (), and the thin metal wire () are covered; and a lens () situated above the image pickup element ().

Camera module

To provide a raw material for high oxygen chromium targets containing oxygen in a form capable of effectively preventing the dust ejection phenomenon. A raw material for high oxygen chromium targets comprising chromium crystalline particles dispersed in metallic chromium wherein at least a portion of the surface of all the crystals constituting the oxide crystalline particles is in contact with the matrix of the metallic chromium. A method of producing a raw material for high oxygen chromium targets comprising chromium oxide crystalline particles dispersed in metallic chromium characterized by heat-treating metallic chromium containing a solid solution of oxygen or oxide particles as a starting material, and precipitating or crystal-growing the oxygen or oxide particles as chromium oxide crystalline particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m, thereby obtaining a raw material for chromium targets.

Method of making high oxygen chromium target

There is proposed a novel method for manufacturing high-purity metallic chromium that can eliminate the problems of reduced heating capability of the furnace, contamination of produced metallic chromium and other disadvantages related to the operation of the furnace. According to the invention, one or more than one of easily sulfidable metals selected from Sn, Ni and Cu are added to crude metallic chromium containing impurities and the mixture is loaded into a vacuum furnace equipped with heating elements of graphite and heated to 1,200.degree. to 1,500.degree. C. in an atmosphere with reduced pressure of between 0.1 and 5 torr.

Apparatus for producing high-purity metallic chromium

A raw material for high oxygen chromium targets comprising chromium crystalline particles dispersed in metallic chromium wherein at least a portion of the surface of all the crystals constituting the oxide crystalline particles is in contact with the matrix of said metallic chromium. And a method of producing a raw material for high oxygen chromium targets comprising chromium oxide crystalline particles dispersed in metallic chromium characterized by heat-treating metallic chromium containing a solid solution of oxygen or oxide particles as a starting material, and precipitating or crystal-growing the oxygen or oxide particles as chromium oxide crystalline particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 100, .mu.m, thereby obtaining a raw material for chromium targets.

Raw material for high oxygen chromium target

Method for producing high-purity metallic chromium

Hybrid integrated circuit

Chromium carbide powder and/or powder of an easily sulfidable metal are added to powdered crude metallic chromium to form a mixture thereof, which is then heated in vacuum to remove S, N and O by degassing so that consequently the crude metallic chromium is free from impurities to a possible maximum extent. Alternatively, powdered crude metallic chromium is heated in an atmosphere of inert gas to temperature between 800 and 1,400.degree. C. and then an easily sulfidable metal is added thereto to form a mixture thereof. Subsequently, the mixture is, directly or after adding carbon or chromium carbide, heated again in vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert gas to eliminate S, N and O by degassing so that the crude metallic chromium is free from impurities to a possible maximum extent. Still alternatively, powdered crude metallic chromium is washed with inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid or organic acid such as acetic acid to remove metal impurities such as Fe. The washed crude metallic chromium is then mixed with carbon or chromium carbide and the mixture is heated in vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert gas to eliminate S, N and O by degassing and consequently produce high-purity metallic chromium.

A thermite process for producing a pure metal or alloy by charging a reactor furnace with a mixture primarily containing a powdered metallic oxide and a reducing agent such as powdered aluminum, wherein a batch of the mixture of the starting materials is divided into a plurality of loading lots. The amount of heat generated by each of the loading lots of the starting materials is so regulated that the amount of heat generated by each loading lot differs from the amount of heat generated by other loading lots and the loading lots are sequentially arranged. The lots are loaded into a furnace to form layers for thermite reaction in an ascending order of heat generation.

Thermite process for producing a metal or alloy

High-purity metallic chromium is produced by a method of initially preparing a mixture of chromium oxide, aluminum, carbon and an easily sulfidable metallic powder, and subsequently providing a thermite-reaction with the mixture to produce thermite-crude metallic chromium and a solid solution of carbon and easily sulfidable metal. Residual impurities in the thermite-crude metallic chromium are subsequently removed by heat treating the crude metallic chromium. This method produces high-purity metallic chromium advantageous for preparing corrosion and heat resistant chromium-containing alloys.

A material for storage of hydrogen, consisting essentially of an alloy represented by the following general formula:

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Yamagata, Japan

Kenichi Kobayashi