Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Renesas Electronics Corporation

Kenichi Akashi

Tatsuo Furuta

Makoto Kubota

Jumpei Hayashi

Koji Suzuki

Shinya Koyama

Kenichi Takeda

Toshiki Ito

Yasushi Shimizu

Takanori Matsuda

Hiroshi Saito

Akira Uebayashi

Naohiko Shimoyama

A piezoelectric element that can decrease the output voltage for detection relative to the input voltage for driving without requiring a step-down circuit between a detection phase electrode and a phase comparator and an oscillatory wave motor including the piezoelectric element are provided. A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material having a first surface and a second surface, a common electrode disposed on the first surface, and a drive phase electrode and a detection phase electrode disposed on the second surface. An absolute value d(1) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion (1) sandwiched between the drive phase electrode and the common electrode and an absolute value d(2) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion (2) sandwiched between the detection phase electrode and the common electrode satisfy d(2)&#x3c;d(1). An oscillatory wave motor includes this piezoelectric element.

Piezoelectric element oscillatory wave motor and optical apparatus

A lead-free piezoelectric element that stably operates in a wide operating temperature range contains a lead-free piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric material that includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by (BaCa)(TiZr)O(1.00&#x2264;a&#x2264;1.01, 0.02&#x2264;x&#x2264;0.30, 0.020&#x2264;y&#x2264;0.095, and y&#x2264;x) as a main component and manganese incorporated in the perovskite-type metal oxide. The manganese content relative to 100 parts by weight of the perovskite-type metal oxide is 0.02 parts by weight or more and 0.40 parts by weight or less on a metal basis.

Piezoelectric element, multilayered piezoelectric element, liquid discharge head, liquid discharge apparatus, ultrasonic motor, optical apparatus, and electronic apparatus

The present invention provides a lead-free piezoelectric material having a high piezoelectric constant and a high mechanical quality factor in a wide operating temperature range. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by Formula (1):(BaCa)(TiZr)O(1.00&#x2266;&#x2266;1.01, 0.125&#x2266;&#x3c;0.155, and 0.041&#x2266;&#x2266;0.074)as a main component. The metal oxide contains Mn in a content of 0.12 parts by weight or more and 0.40 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide on a metal basis.

Piezoelectric material, piezoelectric element, and electronic apparatus

A piezoelectric element that can decrease the output voltage for detection relative to the input voltage for driving without requiring a step-down circuit between a detection phase electrode and a phase comparator and an oscillatory wave motor including the piezoelectric element are provided. A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material having a first surface and a second surface, a common electrode disposed on the first surface, and a drive phase electrode and a detection phase electrode disposed on the second surface. An absolute value d() of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion () sandwiched between the drive phase electrode and the common electrode and an absolute value d() of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion () sandwiched between the detection phase electrode and the common electrode satisfy d()&#x3c;d(). An oscillatory wave motor includes this piezoelectric element.

Piezoelectric element, oscillatory wave motor, and optical apparatus

A lead-free piezoelectric element that stably operates in a wide operating temperature range contains a lead-free piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric material that includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by (BaCa)(TiZr)O(1.00&#x2266;a&#x2266;1.01, 0.02&#x2266;x&#x2266;0.30, 0.020&#x2266;y&#x2266;0.095, and y&#x2266;x) as a main component and manganese incorporated in the perovskite-type metal oxide. The manganese content relative to 100 parts by weight of the perovskite-type metal oxide is 0.02 parts by weight or more and 0.40 parts by weight or less on a metal basis.

The reliability in detection of toothless part is improved. A first counter counts a clock signal from an initial value for each of pulse intervals of a predetermined event pulse train and the count value of the first counter is held in a register for each of pulse intervals. Further, the second counter counts the clock signal from an initial value so that the count value thereof is equal to plural times of the count value of the first counter for each of the pulse intervals. A timer function which can detect any of a first state in which the count value of the first counter is equal to or larger than a first reference value and a second state in which the count value of the second counter is equal to or smaller than the value held in the register for each of the pulse intervals is adopted.

Semiconductor data processing apparatus and engine control apparatus

A method for manufacturing a lens having a refractive index distribution includes: a step of contacting a monomer with a structural member of a polymer, the monomer and a material obtained by polymerization of the monomer showing refractive indices which are different from the refractive index of the polymer; a step of diffusing the contacted monomer in the structural member; and a step of polymerizing the monomer. In the step of diffusing the contacted monomer in the structural member, the method further includes the steps of: irradiating light on at least 50% of one of the surfaces of the structural member which is parallel to the diffusion direction of the monomer, and measuring the intensity of the light passing through the structural member in a predetermined region, and when the measured intensity of the light reaches a predetermined value, the step of polymerizing the monomer is started.

Growing community of inventors

Kawasaki, Japan

Kenichi Akashi