E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Axalta Coating Systems IP Co LLC

Coatings Foreign IP Co. LLC

Ken Stephen Schermacher

Anthony Joseph Martino

Jeff B Alspach

Larry Eugene Steenhoek

Allan Blase Joseph Rodrigues

Jason R Juhasz

Thomas W Simpson, Iii

Timothy Aaron Snyder

Matthew Paul Reinhardt

Douglas Eric Spahr

Robert E Bucher

Robert Averitt

Ayumu Yokoyama

Anthony Moy

Michael Patrick Milone

Samir Costandi Debbas

David Alan Cheshire

Richard Thomas Eger

Hardeep Singh Gill

Paul Thomas Twohig

Kelly Regan Smolcynski

Thomas W Iii Simpson

Anthony J Martino

Apparatuses and methods for measurement of spatial properties of a moving surface coating containing flake pigment are provided herein. An exemplary apparatus includes a movable surface adapted to receive the surface coating. A motion device is in mechanical communication with the movable surface. A light source provides a beam of light directed at a preselected interrogation zone through which the movable surface passes during movement thereof. A light detection device detects light reflected from the preselected interrogation zone and produces an output. A computing device is configured to determine one or more spatial properties of the surface coating based upon the output. One or more of the light source, the light detection device, or the computing device are configured to adjust for the movement of the surface coating through the preselected interrogation zone as a variable that affects measurement of reflected light by the light detection device.

Apparatuses and methods for measuring spatial properties of surface coating containing flake pigment

A liquid measuring system for producing one or more property values of a liquid. The system can include: a thin film device and one or more measuring devices for measuring said one or more property values. The system includes a thin film device for producing a thin film of the liquid on a spinning disk. The system is particularly useful for measuring color and appearance properties of the liquid. The system can be useful for producing coating compositions.

Device for measuring liquid property

An apparatus for inspection of fluids having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein enclosed by two light transmitting windows and having a spacer member fixedly positioned therebetween which provides a fluid analysis chamber of fixed pathlength where fluid flows by the windows and preferably wherein the flow laminar and at a uniform shear to provide accurate color measurements. Light transmitting and receiving probes are positioned adjacent to the viewing windows and wherein the faces of each probe are contiguous and flush with the viewing windows but are separated from the flow by the viewing windows, so that transmission measurements can be taken orthogonal to the direction of flow. The apparatus is particularly useful in the manufacture of dispersions and tints used in the manufacture of paints, so that the color of material being made can be accurately matched to a standard color in the wet state with confidence that the color will match in the dry state.

Method and apparatus for measuring the color properties of fluids

A system utilizing the flow cell of the present invention includes a reflectance mode spectrophotometer positioned with respect to the flow cell or a probe. Either the flow cell or the probe has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship with respect to a transparent window. The partition has a predetermined index of refraction and has a thickness dimension that is less than that of the window. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that evanescent coupling of radiation reflected from the liquid into the material of the window is prevented. The spectrophotometer directs interrogating radiation toward a liquid flowing through the sample chamber and responds to interrogating radiation reflected from the liquid to produce an electrical signal representative of a color property thereof.

System for measuring a color property of a liquid

A probe for measuring a property of a liquid under test using interrogating radiation at a predetermined wavelength includes a housing member having a window transparent to interrogating radiation mounted at a first end thereof. A partition transparent to interrogating radiation is mounted in spaced relationship to the window. The partition being and the window cooperate to define an air cavity therebetween. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that radiation reflected from a liquid disposed in contact with the second surface of the partition is prevented from evanescently coupling into the window such that the reflected radiation undergoes total internal reflection in the partition rather than in the window.

Probe apparatus for measuring a color property of a liquid

A flow cell for measuring the color properties of a liquid flowing therethrough using interrogating radiation at a predetermined wavelength has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship between both a window and a base of the cell. The partition and the window define an air cavity therebetween. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that evanescent coupling of radiation reflected from the liquid into the material of the window is prevented. The cell has a pressurized fluid inflow channel and a pressurized fluid outflow channel formed therein. Each of the inflow and outflow channels communicates with the air cavity. The inflow and outflow channels are sized to pass a pressurized fluid, such as pressurized air, through the air cavity such that, in use, the spaced relationship between the partition and the window is maintained by pressurized fluid in the air cavity. The pressure of the pressurized fluid in the air cavity is determined in accordance with the pressure of the liquid flowing through the cell.

Liquid measurement cell having a pressurized air cavity therein

A method for measuring a color property of a pressurized flowing liquid is characterized by contacting the liquid under test against a transparent partition spaced a predetermined distance from a transparent window. The partition has an index of refraction and a thickness dimension that is less than that of the window. At least some of the radiation reflected from the liquid undergoes total internal reflection within the partition while, simultaneously, evanescent coupling of that reflected radiation into the material of the window is prevented. Evanescent coupling into the material of the window is prevented by: i) disposing a medium having an index of refraction less than that of the partition between the window and the partition, and ii) maintaining the spacing between the window and the partition to a distance not less than three (3) times the wavelength of the interrogating radiation.

Method for measuring a color property of a liquid using a liquid measurement cell having a transparent partition therein

A flow cell for measuring the color properties of a liquid flowing through the flow cell using interrogating radiation at a predetermined wavelength has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship between both a window and a base of the cell. The partition has a predetermined index of refraction and has a thickness dimension that is less than that of the window. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that evanescent coupling of radiation reflected from the liquid into the material of the window is prevented. Typically, this spacing is a distance not less than three (3) times the predetermined maximum wavelength in the wavelength range of interrogating radiation. A plurality of spacer elements may be disposed in the air cavity to maintain the spaced relationship between the partition and the window. The flow cell has a liquid supply passage and a liquid removal passage formed therein. The liquid supply passage, the sample chamber and the liquid removal passage cooperate to define a liquid flow path through the flow cell. The liquid supply passage, the sample chamber and the liquid removal passage are configured such that any cross section taken in a plane substantially perpendicular to the liquid flow path at any location therealong exhibits substantially the same cross-sectional area.

Liquid measurement cell having a transparent partition therein

An improved process for making pigment dispersions containing a single pigment that match the tinting strength of a standard dispersion. The process employs a faster and more accurate wet measurement technique for analyzing and matching the dispersions to a standard that utilizes the spectral transmittance of the wet dispersions over the visible spectrum.

Process for manufacturing pigment dispersions

An apparatus for inspection of fluids, particularly dispersions and tints, having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein defining a fluid analysis chamber, fluid inlet and outlets extending from the cavity in opposite directions to enable fluid flow into and out of the analysis chamber, and a light transmitting probe and a light receiving probe extending within the cavity juxtaposed from each other across the flow path in spaced apart relation, with the probes being movable relative to each other, thus providing a fluid analysis chamber having an adjustable pathlength and allowing flow across and around the faces of the probes for pressure relief of the fluid, to provide accurate color measurements. The apparatus is particularly useful in the manufacture of dispersions and tints used in the manufacture of paints, so that the color of material being made can be accurately matched to a standard color in the wet state with confidence that the color will match in the dry state.

Method and apparatus for characterizing the color properties of fluids

A rapid process for making transparent tints that match the color and tinting strength of a standard tint. The process involves the use of a faster and more accurate shading technique that utilizes the light transmittance properties of the tints in the wet over the visible spectrum and calculates therefrom the amount of components required to bring the tint within an acceptable match to the standard.

Process for manufacturing transparent tints

There is disclosed a bonded, nonwoven sheet of continuous isotactic polypropylene filaments having a nonselvage portion with specified properties rendering the sheet useful as a carpet backing, said properties including an average bond strength, for bonds having a strength greater than 0.1 gram, of at least 0.9 gram and less than the fiber breaking strength, the sheet being characterized by a selvage having an average bond strength which is from about 15-400% greater than the average bond strength of the non-selvage portion of said sheet. There is also disclosed a process for producing said sheet.

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Chadds Ford, PA, United States of America

Ken Stephen Schermacher