Stratco, Inc.

Farmland Industries, Inc.

Ken Edward Kranz

James Kevin Millard

Lyle Frederick Albright

Norman L Stewart, Jr

David Campbell Graves

Greg A Gorman

David D Leavitt

Disclosed are various embodiments for alkylating olefins and isoparaffins in the presence of an acid to reduce and/or control acid consumption or maximize and/or control the octane number of the produced alkylate product. One embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C,/iso-C,olefin ratio to reduce acid consumption. Another embodiment includes alkylation of C,and C,olefins in separate alkylation zones to maximize alkylate octane number. Even another embodiment includes propylene alkylation followed by C,and/or C,olefin alkylation, with the spent propylene acid used in the C,and/or C,olefin alkylation. Still another embodiment includes alkylation of C,, C,and C,olefins in separate alkylation zones, with the spent propylene acid used in the C,alkylation, and the spent butylene acid used in the C,alkylation. Yet another embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C,/C,olefin ratio to maximize the octane number of the produced alkylate.

Alkylation by controlling olefin ratios

Disclosed are various embodiments for alkylating olefins and isoparaffins in the presence of an acid to reduce and/or control acid consumption or maximize and/or control the octane number of the produced alkylate product. One embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C.sub.3 /C.sub.5 olefin ratio to reduce acid consumption. Another embodiment includes alkylation of C.sub.3 and C.sub.5 olefins in separate alkylation zones to maximize alkylate octane number. Even another embodiment includes propylene alkylation followed by C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefin alkylation, with the spent propylene acid used in the C.sub.4 and/or C.sub.5 olefin alkylation. Still another embodiment includes alkylation of C.sub.3, C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 olefins in separate alkylation zones, with the spent propylene acid used in the C.sub.4 alkylation, and the spent butylene acid used in the C.sub.5 alkylation. Yet another embodiment includes alkylation by controlling the C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 olefin ratio to maximize the octane number of the produced alkylate.

Disclosed is an alkylation process in which C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 olefins are reacted with an isoparaffin mixture of isobutane and isopentane in the presence of a catalyst. Varying the amount of isopentane present in the mixture can control and/or eliminate the amount of isopentane produced in the alkylation reaction. The disclosed reaction has an improved alkylation yield, and also produces an alkylate having a lowered Reid Vapor Pressure and results in lowered olefin content for reformulated gasoline.

Alkylation of olefins utilizing mixtures of isoparaffins

A cold temperature alkylation reaction process, at -6.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., the production of isoparaffins useful as a high octane fuel additive derived from the reaction of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 olefins and isobutane in the presence of 92-95% sulfuric acid.

Cold temperature alkylation process

A two-stage oxidation/reduction process for preparing commercially valuable, color enhanced and stabilized low viscosity wet process phosphoric acid is provided which yields improved acid that can be concentrated to superphosphoric acid and/or converted to high quality liquid fertilizer by reaction with ammonia, all without reversion to black color or excessive sludge formation in the fertilizer. The preferred process involves initially oxidizing a starting black acid having a 58-72% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 concentration by addition of an oxidizing agent such as NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 with heating and agitation until the oxidized acid exhibits an EMF of greater than about 700 mv as compared with a 600 mv standard; the oxidized acid is then subjected to a reduction step to lower the valence of metallic impurities, by aging and/or adding reducing agents such as ferrous iron compounds to the acid. The reduction is carried out until the EMF of the product is less than 700 mv relative to the standard and a stabilized green color is produced in the acid. The final acid product may be concentrated if in the form of orthophosphoric acid, or cooled and directly reacted with ammonia if the product is SPA.

Oxidation-reduction process for enhancing the color of and stabilizing

A process for treating wet-process weak phosphoric acid solution is disclosed which significantly lowers the magnesium impurities in the acid (as well as certain other impurities) permitting subsequent concentration of the acid to levels for use in preparation of liquid fertilizers which are less prone to settling out of the impurities during storage than would be the case without such treatment. It has unexpectedly been found that by limiting evaporation of water from the initial 26% to 32% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 wet-process acid to a level such that the acid has a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content of from about 42% to about 45% and thereafter maintaining the semi-concentrated acid at a temperature within the range of from about 145.degree. F. to about 270.degree. F. for an aging period containing of from about 24 hours to about 144 hours magnesium impurity crystals are formed of a size, shape and density such that when the acid is subjected to conventional centrifugation, a significant proportion of the magnesium impurities are removed from the acid to substantially avoid heretofore encountered problems associated with precipitation of magnesium compounds during storage of liquid fertilizers prepared from the magnesium purged concentrated acid.

Growing community of inventors

Kansas City, MO, United States of America

Ken Edward Kranz