Lucent Technologies Inc.

At&t Corp.

At&t Bell Laboratories

Empire Technology Development LLC

Aralight, Inc.

Other

University of Delaware

Agere Systems Optoelectronics Guardian Corp.

Agere Systems Inc.

American Telephone and Telegraph, Co.

At&t Laboratories, Limited

Lucent Techonolgies Inc.

Keith Wayne Goossen

James Albert Walker

John E Cunningham

William Y Jan

Joseph Earl Ford

Lucian Arthur D'Asaro

Sanghee Park Hui

Betty Jyue Tseng

Ashok V Krishnamoorthy

Leo M Chirovsky

Rajiv N Pathak

Dennis Stanley Greywall

David A Miller

David John Bishop

Michael D Williams

Wayne Harvey Knox

Nicholas J Frigo

Christi Kay Madsen

Martin C Nuss

Eric Dean Wetzel

Susanne C Arney

Donald W Dahringer

Daniel J O'Brien

Jenn-Ming Kuo

Tien-Heng Chiu

Ronald Eugene Leibenguth

Yu-Chi Wang

Alexandru Paunescu

John V Gates, Ii

Shridrar Yarlagadda

Implant devices described herein may be adapted to communicate with other devices via an antenna array. The antenna array may be configured to minimize radiation to surrounding tissue and/or maximize signal power in a direction of device(s) with which the implant device communicates.

Implant with antenna array

Technologies are generally described for an optical waveguide, methods and systems effective to form an optical waveguide, and an optical system including an optical waveguide. In some examples, the optical waveguide may include a silicon oxynitride region in a wall of the silicon substrate. The silicon oxynitride region may define an inner region of the optical waveguide. The wall may define a via. The optical waveguide may include a silicon oxide region in the substrate. The silicon oxide region may define an outer region of the optical waveguide adjacent to the inner region.

Formation of an optical waveguide

Technologies and implementations for reflective roofs are generally disclosed.

Reflective roof

Embodiments are generally described that include lasers having two mirrors, at least one of which has a reflectivity related to a presence or concentration of a target analyte. Output radiation generated by the laser may be related to the presence of the target analyte.

Sensor and sensing utilizing a laser

A modulator for modulating an optical signal is disclosed having a substrate, a support mounted to the substrate, and membrane attached to the support and defining an airgap between the substrate and the membrane. The membrane has at least three layers including a central layer having an index of refraction which is the square root of the index of refraction of the substrate. The thickness of the layers and the size of the airgap are optimized to maximize differential reflectivity of light incident on the membrane at a non-normal angle of incidence to the membrane when the membrane is either in an unbiased state or biased state. In one embodiment, the first, central, and third layers have corresponding thicknesses approximately equal to one-quarter, one-quarter, and on-half of a wavelength of the optical signal, respectively. In another embodiment, the thickness of the layers and the airgap are designed according to formulas such that the modulator can operate over wider angles of incidence up to about 55 degrees. In a third embodiment, the modulator can operate at an angle of incidence-up to about 85 degree with TE-only polarization of the incident light.

Mechanically-active anti-reflection switch (MARS) modulator with wide angle tolerance

An apparatus and process for operating connectorless, free-space data porting optical structural composites with integrated optical or electrical busses are disclosed. Optical transceivers and fiber optic/coaxial cable are embedded into a foam-core composite sandwich structure which is infiltrated with vinyl ester resin. The embedded busses are composed of a signal source producing an optical free space signal, which is shone onto an optical/electrical bus containing a transceiver for converting this signal into another electrical or optical signal which then is imprinted upon a coaxial or fiber optic cable buried in the composite structure. The signal traverses the composite structure, then a transceiver converts the electrical/optical signal into a free space optical signal which shines out of the composite structure to an outside free space optical receiver. The optical free space signal is oriented to be received and transmitted at an angle of about 90 degrees relative to the composite material.

Composites for wireless optical communication

The specification describes an improved Moving Anti-Reflection Switch (MARS) device structure that largely eliminates charge build up on the movable membrane, and reduces stresses that cause curling of the membrane. The improved device uses a movable membrane made of single crystal silicon.

Mars optical modulators

A mirror of known type comprises a stack of pairs of dielectric material layers of alternating high and low refractive indices and a metal layer, preferably gold, capping one end of the stack. For improvising the adherence of the metal layer to the stack, the metal is directly contiguous with a layer of tin oxide. In different mirror structures, the tin oxide can be an extra layer added between the end-most pair of layers and the metal layer; or the tin oxide layer can comprise one layer of only the end-most pair of dielectric layers in the stack; or all of the pairs of dielectric layers in the stack can comprise a layer of tin oxide as one of the pair layers.

Tin oxide adhesion layer for metal-dielectric mirrors

An article comprising a tunable filter includes an optical cavity, a tuning device and a filter-disabling device. The tuning device is operable to change the center transmission wavelength of the tunable filter. The filter-disabling device is operable to temporarily disrupt the finesse or otherwise affect the transmissibility of the optical cavity, thereby preventing the transmission of any intervening wavelengths during tuning.

Article comprising a tunable filter

A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, VSEL. Prior-art VCSELs contain an optical cavity between two mirrors. Near one mirror are positioned current blockers which surround part of the cavity and prevent current from reaching regions of the cavity which are near edges of that mirror. If current reached those regions, lasing would occur there, and the light produced would be scattered by the nearby edges of the mirror. The current blockers reduce that scattering. However, the fabrication steps following those which create the current blockers are expensive. The invention eliminates the expensive steps by (1) placing a layer of gold atop the current blockers and the surrounded lasing region, (2) placing a dielectric layer of high index H atop the gold layer, and (3) placing a quarter-wave stack atop the high index dielectric layer, in the sequence L-H-L- . . . -H-L-H, wherein H represents a high index and L represents a low index. The gold delivers current to the cavity. Significantly, the stack (1) begins with an L adjacent the dielectric adjacent the gold and terminates with an H layer.

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser

An electro-optic device for use in wavelength division multiplexed systems. The device comprises a layer structure having two adjustable air gaps. Optical response of the device can be changed by adjusting spacings of the air gaps. The device can be used as an optical power equalizer in wavelength division multiplexed systems.

Enhanced tilt optical power equalizer

A micro-mechanical optical modulator having a movable membrane that is spaced from a multi-layer mirror that is disposed on a substrate. The multi-layer mirror includes an anti-reflection layer that is disposed on the substrate, and a coating layer that is disposed on the anti-reflection layer. The combined thickness of the membrane and the coating layer is equal to an integer multiple of one-half of the operating wavelength of the modulator. This thickness restriction is different than prior art Fabry-Perot cavity modulators, which typically independently restrict membrane thickness and coating layer thickness, each to multiples of one quarter of the operating wavelength. By relaxing the requirements imposed by the prior art on layer thickness, modulator performance parameters can be optimized. Specifically, optical bandwidth can be traded for insertion loss and vice versa, as suits the specifics of a particular application.

Apparatus comprising a micro-mechanical optical modulator

In accordance with the invention, a WDM optical communication system includes a new tunable multi-channel dispersion compensating filter having low loss, low polarization dependence and capable of compensating many channels over a large wavelength range. In essence, the filter comprises an optical cavity with a near 100% reflector on one side and a variable partial reflector on the other side. The device acts as a tunable all-pass filter.

Wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system having tunable multi-channel dispersion compensating filters

A method and apparatus for modulating an optical signal using a micromechanical modulator are disclosed. The modulator comprises a membrane, which includes a first and a second layer, a substrate layer, and a substrate, spaced from the membrane to form an air gap. The layers of the membrane are characterized in that there is a relationship between the refractive indices of the layers and the refractive index of the substrate. The membrane is suspended in a first position over the substrate by a flexible support arrangement. Bias is applied to the membrane and the substrate to create an electrostatic force to move the membrane towards the substrate to a second position. The reflectivity of the device to an optical signal changes as the membrane moves from the first position to the second position, thereby modulating the signal. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the first and second layers of the membrane are approximately equal to one-third and one-tenth, respectively, of a wavelength of the optical signal, as measured within the first and second layers, respectively. The thickness of the substrate layer is approximately equal to one-seventh of the wavelength of the optical signal, as measured within the substrate layer.

Micromechanical modulator and methods for fabricating the same

Growing community of inventors

Aberdeen, NJ, United States of America

Keith Wayne Goossen