Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha

Keisuke Kadota

Masahiko Mitsubayashi

Noritaka Miyamoto

Tohru Shimada

Hironori Aoyama

Toshiya Yamaguchi

Masazumi Onishi

Yu Takanezawa

Izuru Yamamoto

Hiroyoshi Tawa

Masazumi Ohnishi

Hideyuki Sakaue

Katsuji Bando

A stainless steel that includes chromium and other alloying element as a plurality of alloying elements including: a base material layer including chromium of a specified chromium content necessary for forming a passive film or more; and a superficial layer including chromium at a lower chromium content than the chromium content contained in the base material layer, and the superficial layer including the other alloying elements at a same content of the other alloying element as the content of the other alloying element contained in the base material layer.

Stainless steel and method of manufacturing the same

The problem of the present invention involves providing a gear that has high tooth-root bending strength and for which there is no chipping of the tips of the teeth. Accordingly, the surface of the gear is carburized and the gear is strengthened by imparting residual stress, with the residual stress in the region with a surface depth of 5 &#x3bc;m to 20 &#x3bc;m being &#x2212;1000 MPa or less, and the residual stress in the region with a surface depth of 50 &#x3bc;m to 150 &#x3bc;m being &#x2212;1000 MPa or greater.

Method of manufacturing a gear

The present invention can provide a method and an apparatus for bending a pipe whose bending cross section has reduced compressed ratio, reduced reduction ratio of area and reduced reduction in thickness and in which bending can be conducted at the desired curvature. In the present invention, both edges of the pipe bending portion are arrested and grasped, a center of one bending edge is set to be the axis and a revolution axis is amounted on it, a rotation axis is mounted at a center of the other bending edge and gears are installed on the revolution axis and the rotation axis so as to engage each other so that the driving is driven to the gear on the rotation axis. The rotation axis revolves having the radius to be the distance from the rotation axis to the revolution axis and at the same time the rotation axis rotates on its axis having the radius of the gear in response to the revolution angle. Accordingly, both of the rotational centers of rotation and revolution are existed on the pipe axis and the bending stress is effected on the whole of the bending portion. Therefore, the levels of the tensile force at the bending outside and the compressive force at the bending inside are constantly kept to be a balanced condition. As the result, the problems that the thickness of the pipe bending portion is reduced and that the pipe bending portion is compressed are improved very much.

Method for bending a pipe and apparatus for bending the same

In a method and apparatus for manufacturing a corrugated tube, a tube is clamped by a pair of spaced apart chucks. A local portion of the tube is softened. The chucks are moved in the same direction such that the trailing or rearward chuck moves farther than the leading or forward chuck, thereby imparting an axially compressive force on the tube. Accordingly, a bulge is formed at the softened portion of the tube. The heating and compression cycle may be performed several times to obtain a corrugated tube having a plurality of bulges or waves formed therein.

Method and apparatus for manufacturing a corrugated tube

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Toyota, Japan

Keisuke Kadota