Nissan Motor Company Limited

Central Glass Company, Limited

Katsunori Aoki

Yasuhiko Ohsawa

Masazumi Ishikawa

Hiroshi Takao

Takeshi Miyamoto

Hiroshi Inaba

Kiyoshi Nakase

Junichi Takimoto

Keishi Negita

The electrically controlled force transmitting apparatus includes a drive member having an electrically conductive surface and a driven member having an electrically conductive surface, which are arranged to be opposed to each other with a small space therebetween, a fibrous member provided in the space between the opposed electrically conductive surfaces of the drive and driven members, and a voltage supply source connected across the electrically conductive surfaces, whereby by applying a voltage across the opposed surfaces, there is induced a shear stress and a force is transmitted from the drive member to the driven member. The space in which the fibrous member is arranged is preferably filled with an electrically insulating fluid medium.

Electrically controlled force transmitting method and electrically

The invention relates to an electrochromic (EC) device having oppositely arranged two EC electrode layers. The first EC electrode layer uses Prussian blue, osmium purple or ruthenium purple and accordingly takes on a characteristic color by electrochemical oxidation, and the second EC electrode layer uses a transition metal oxide which takes on a characteristic color by electrochemical reduction, such as WO.sub.3. The space between the two EC electrode layers is filled with an electrolyte solution. When an EC device of this type is left in the bleached state for some period of time and then driven for coloration, the density of coloration is insufficient because of a decrease in the quantity of electricity in the oxidizing and coloring reaction of the first EC electrode layer. The invention solves this problem by using, as the electrolyte solution, a solution of a lithium salt and a sodium salt in an organic solvent prepared such that Na.sup.+ ion amounts to 3-30 mol % of the total of Li.sup.+ ion and Na.sup.+ ion.

Electrochromic device with an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and

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Yokosuka, Japan

Katsunori Aoki