International Business Machines Corporation

University of Southern California

Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago

Kartik Audhkhasi

Gakuto Kurata

Michael Alan Picheny

Samuel Jonathan Thomas

Yinghui Huang

Bhuvana Ramabhadran

Hong-Kwang Jeff Kuo

Brian E D Kingsbury

Abhinav Sethy

Zoltan Tueske

Bart Kosko

Osonde Osoba

George Andrei Saon

Karen Livescu

Shane Settle

A technique for training a model is disclosed. A training sample including an input sequence of observations and a target sequence of symbols having length different from the input sequence of observations is obtained. The input sequence of observations is fed into the model to obtain a sequence of predictions. The sequence of predictions is shifted by an amount with respect to the input sequence of observations. The model is updated based on a loss using a shifted sequence of predictions and the target sequence of the symbols.

Training of model for processing sequence data

Knowledge transfer between recurrent neural networks is performed by obtaining a first output sequence from a bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model for an input sequence, obtaining a second output sequence from a unidirectional RNN model for the input sequence, selecting at least one first output from the first output sequence based on a similarity between the at least one first output and a second output from the second output sequence; and training the unidirectional RNN model to increase the similarity between the at least one first output and the second output.

Knowledge transfer between recurrent neural networks

A method and system of training a spoken language understanding (SLU) model includes receiving natural language training data comprising (i) one or more speech recording, and (ii) a set of semantic entities and/or intents for each corresponding speech recording. For each speech recording, one or more entity labels and corresponding values, and one or more intent labels are extracted from the corresponding semantic entities and/or overall intent. A spoken language understanding (SLU) model is trained based upon the one or more entity labels and corresponding values, and one or more intent labels of the corresponding speech recordings without a need for a transcript of the corresponding speech recording.

End-to-end spoken language understanding without full transcripts

Embodiments of the present invention provide computer implemented methods, computer program products and computer systems. For example, embodiments of the present invention can access one or more intents and associated entities from limited amount of speech to text training data in a single language. Embodiments of the present invention can locate speech to text training data in one or more other languages using the accessed one or more intents and associated entities to locate speech to text training data in the one or more other languages different than the single language. Embodiments of the present invention can then train a neural network based on the limited amount of speech to text training data in the single language and the located speech to text training data in the one or more other languages.

Multilingual intent recognition

An illustrative embodiment includes a method for training an end-to-end (E2E) spoken language understanding (SLU) system. The method includes receiving a training corpus comprising a set of text classified using one or more sets of semantic labels but unpaired with speech and using the set of unpaired text to train the E2E SLU system to classify speech using at least one of the one or more sets of semantic labels. The method may include training a text-to-intent model using the set of unpaired text; and training a speech-to-intent model using the text-to-intent model. Alternatively or additionally, the method may include using a text-to-speech (TTS) system to generate synthetic speech from the unpaired text; and training the E2E SLU system using the synthetic speech.

Leveraging unpaired text data for training end-to-end spoken language understanding systems

A computer-implemented method of building a multilingual acoustic model for automatic speech recognition in a low resource setting includes training a multilingual network on a set of training languages with an original transcribed training data to create a baseline multilingual acoustic model. Transliteration of transcribed training data is performed by processing through the multilingual network a plurality of multilingual data types from the set of languages, and outputting a pool of transliterated data. A filtering metric is applied to the pool of transliterated data output to select one or more portions of the transliterated data for retraining of the acoustic model. Data augmentation is performed by adding one or more selected portions of the output transliterated data back to the original transcribed training data to update training data. The training of a new multilingual acoustic model through the multilingual network is performed using the updated training data.

Transliteration based data augmentation for training multilingual ASR acoustic models in low resource settings

A learning computer system may estimate unknown parameters and states of a stochastic or uncertain system having a probability structure. The system may include a data processing system that may include a hardware processor that has a configuration that: receives data; generates random, chaotic, fuzzy, or other numerical perturbations of the data, one or more of the states, or the probability structure; estimates observed and hidden states of the stochastic or uncertain system using the data, the generated perturbations, previous states of the stochastic or uncertain system, or estimated states of the stochastic or uncertain system; and causes perturbations or independent noise to be injected into the data, the states, or the stochastic or uncertain system so as to speed up training or learning of the probability structure and of the system parameters or the states.

Noise speed-ups in hidden markov models with applications to speech recognition

A multi-task learning system is provided for speech recognition. The system includes a common encoder network. The system further includes a primary network for minimizing a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss for speech recognition. The system also includes a sub network for minimizing a Mean squared error (MSE) loss for feature reconstruction. A first set of output data of the common encoder network is received by both of the primary network and the sub network. A second set of the output data of the common encode network is received only by the primary network from among the primary network and the sub network.

Feature and feature variant reconstruction for recurrent model accuracy improvement in speech recognition

A technique for aligning spike timing of models is disclosed. A first model having a first architecture trained with a set of training samples is generated. Each training sample includes an input sequence of observations and an output sequence of symbols having different length from the input sequence. Then, one or more second models are trained with the trained first model by minimizing a guide loss jointly with a normal loss for each second model and a sequence recognition task is performed using the one or more second models. The guide loss evaluates dissimilarity in spike timing between the trained first model and each second model being trained.

Aligning spike timing of models for maching learning

A learning computer system may include a data processing system and a hardware processor and may estimate parameters and states of a stochastic or uncertain system. The system may receive data from a user or other source. Parameters and states of the stochastic or uncertain system are estimated using the received data, numerical perturbations, and previous parameters and states of the stochastic or uncertain system. It is determined whether the generated numerical perturbations satisfy a condition. If the numerical perturbations satisfy the condition, the numerical perturbations are injected into the estimated parameters or states, the received data, the processed data, the masked or filtered data, or the processing units.

Noise-enhanced convolutional neural networks

Aspects of the present disclosure describe techniques for identifying and recovering out-of-vocabulary words in transcripts of a voice data recording using word recognition models and word sub-unit recognition models. An example method generally includes receiving a voice data recording for transcription into a textual representation of the voice data recording. The voice data recording is transcribed into the textual representation using a word recognition model. An unknown word is identified in the textual representation, and the unknown word is reconstructed based on recognition of sub-units of the unknown word generated by a sub-unit recognition model. The textual representation of the voice data recording is modified by replacing the unknown word with the reconstruction of the unknown word, and the modified textual representation is output.

Detecting and recovering out-of-vocabulary words in voice-to-text transcription systems

In an approach to soft-forgetting training, one or more computer processors train a first model utilizing one or more training batches wherein each training batch of the one or more training batches comprises one or more blocks of information. The one or more computer processors, responsive to a completion of the training of the first model, initiate a training of a second model utilizing the one or more training batches. The one or more computer processors jitter a random block size for each block of information for each of the one or more training batches for the second model. The one or more computer processors unroll the second model over one or more non-overlapping contiguous jittered blocks of information. The one or more computer processors, responsive to the unrolling of the second model, reduce overfitting for the second model by applying twin regularization.

Soft-forgetting for connectionist temporal classification based automatic speech recognition

A method (and structure and computer product) for learning Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) words in an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system includes using an Acoustic Word Embedding Recurrent Neural Network (AWE RNN) to receive a character sequence for a new OOV word for the ASR system, the RNN providing an Acoustic Word Embedding (AWE) vector as an output thereof. The AWE vector output from the AWE RNN is provided as an input into an Acoustic Word Embedding-to-Acoustic-to-Word Neural Network (AWE&#x2192;A2W NN) trained to provide an OOV word weight value from the AWE vector. The OOV word weight is inserted into a listing of Acoustic-to-Word (A2W) word embeddings used by the ASR system to output recognized words from an input of speech acoustic features, wherein the OOV word weight is inserted into the A2W word embeddings list relative to existing weights in the A2W word embeddings list.

Recognition of out-of-vocabulary in direct acoustics-to-word speech recognition using acoustic word embedding

A computer selects a test set of sentences from among sentences applied to train a whole sentence recurrent neural network language model to estimate the probability of likelihood of each whole sentence processed by natural language processing being correct. The computer generates imposter sentences from among the test set of sentences by substituting one word in each sentence of the test set of sentences. The computer generates, through the whole sentence recurrent neural network language model, a first score for each sentence of the test set of sentences and at least one additional score for each of the imposter sentences. The computer evaluates an accuracy of the natural language processing system in performing sequential classification tasks based on an accuracy value of the first score in reflecting a correct sentence and the at least one additional score in reflecting an incorrect sentence.

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White Plains, NY, United States of America

Kartik Audhkhasi