Occidental Chemical Corporation

Other

Karl W Seper

Robert L Zeller

Russell J Morgan

Jeffrey S Stults

Henry C Lin

David Y Tang

Harry E Buckholtz

James J Maul

Mary K Cocoman

John R Molinaro

Edward J Colman

Gary H Olsen

Disclosed is a method of preventing potassium bicarbonate from caking. Anhydrous potassium carbonate is dispersed throughout the potassium bicarbonate immediately after it is manufactured. Preferably, about 0.1 to about 2.5 wt % of the anhydrous potassium carbonate is used. Also disclosed is a composition made by that method.

Preventing potassium bicarbonate from caking

Disclosed is a method of making a 4-substituted phthalic anhydride. A halomaleic (including halofumaric anhydride (or the acid or ester thereof) is made by the reaction of-maleic anhydride with chlorine or bromine. The halomaleic anhydride is reacted with a conjugated diene to form a first cycloadduct having the formula ##STR1## The first cycloadduct is heated to eliminate HX and produce a second cycloadduct having the formula ##STR2## The second cyclo adduct is dehydrogenated to produce a 4substituted phthalic anhydride which has the formula ##STR3## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.4 are preferably H and R.sub.3 is preferably Cl or F.

Synthesis of 4-substituted phthalic anhydrides

Phthalic anhydride can be photochlorinated in the vapor phase to give good yields of 4-chlorophthalic anhydride at temperatures of 250.degree. to 400.degree. C. Optionally, the process can be run to produce di, tri, and tetrachlorophthalic anhydrides.

Photochlorination of phthalic anhydride

Disclosed is a method of making hydrated chromic oxide of low sodium content by forming an aqueous solution of sodium bichromate, reducing the sodium bichromate to chromic oxide using sucrose or formaldehyde, which results in the precipitation of chromic oxide, filtering the hydrated chromic oxide, acid repulping and filtering or calcining the hydrated chromic oxide, followed by water repulp and filtering with displacement washing. The color of the particle can be controlled by the drying temperature. A composite particle of hydrated chromic oxide/carbon can be made by forming a slurry of the aqueous solution of sodium bichromate with powdered carbon. The composite particle can be heated to directly produce chrome metal.

Method of making chromic oxide

A process for the preparation of a halophthalic anhydride, such as chlorophthalic anhydride, comprising the liquid phase reaction of bromine with a halogen substituted hexa- or tetra-hydrophthalic anhydride to produce halophthalic anhydride and gaseous HBr, and reacting the gaseous HBr with chlorine to regenerate bromine.

Process for the preparation of halophthalic anhydrides

Novel halogenated trifluoromethylbenzenes have the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, preferably Cl, F or Br, and R is a group selected from the group consisting of --COOH, --C(O)NH.sub.2 and --CN. These compounds are intermediates for pesticidal trifluoromethyl diphenyl ethers and are converted thereto by replacing the fluorine para to the trifluoromethyl with substituted phenoxy group in aromatic nucleophilic substitution. A novel intermediate which is converted by reaction with cuprous cyanide and HONO to compound having the above structural formula where X is F and R is --CN is 2,3-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline and has the formula ##STR2##

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Youngstown, NY, United States of America

Karl W Seper