Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft

Karl Janner

Klaus Gregorius

Eberhard Schuster

Hans-Joachim Niemann

Heinz Stehle

Arno Kersting

Reinhold Muller

Slit nozzle and fast-acting shutoff valve for producing very brief gas flows accurately reproducible with respect to pulse width and spacing such as are required with pulse laser excitation for separation processes and photochemical processes including a first and a second nozzle part defining a nozzle slit therebetween, the first and the second nozzle parts forming the slit nozzle and, simultaneously, the fast-acting shutoff valve, at least one of the nozzle parts being rapidly movable for varying the width of the nozzle slit practically between zero and a nominal size.

Slit nozzle and fast-acting shutoff valve

Apparatus for adiabatic expansion and selective irradiation of gaseous isotope mixture employing a device in which there is a concentric arrangement of nozzles and diffusers with irradiation of the gas in the annular gap between the two. The nozzles are in the form of a multiplicity of slit nozzles with mutually parallel axes on an imaginary cylinder surface. Gas enters and flows centrally in the cylinder. Gas from the diffusers is discharged. Radiation enters through a mirror into the annular gap.

Device for irradiating isotope mixtures isotope -selectively

Separation of gaseous isotopes such as UF.sub.6 by adiabatically expanding a gas stream containing the isotopes to cool to a temperature at which condensation or dimers are formed. Selectively exciting by electromagnetic radiation one isotope compound to inhibit condensation or to effect dissociation of dimers containing one isotope compound. Deflecting the flow of the gas stream to effect a change of isotope distribution in the gas stream. Separating by peeling the enriched portion of the gas stream from the remainder depleted portion of the gas stream.

Method for the separation of gaseous isotope compounds

Separation of isotopes from a gaseous mixture of substances containing the isotopes by incorporating supplemental gas and adiabatically expanding at an expansion ratio and starting temperature to cool the mixture and effect condensation of at least a portion of the supplemental gas. Laser radiation is applied to effect selective excitation of one isotope component with selective retention of the non-excited isotope component in the condensate. The condensation may be accelerated by generating condensation nuclei. A compression joint may be used to effect a temperature rise of the gaseous mixture and peelers employed to separate the gas stream portion rich in excited isotope component from the portion rich in non-excited isotope component.

Method of separating isotopes from gaseous mixtures

Separation of an isotope substance from a vaporous mixture of isotope substances such as UF.sub.6, by selective excitation of low temperature of one isotope compound by electromagnetic radiation to effect chemical reaction of the excited isotope compound with a reaction partner. Separate bodies of the vaporous mixture of isotope compounds and the reaction partner are cooled by adiabatic expansion to a temperature below 100 K. The cooled vapors are mixed in a chamber where the reaction partner is condensed to form solid matter into which isotope compounds are incorporated. The solid matter with or without compacting is subjected to radiation to excite one isotope compound and react it with the reaction product to produce a reaction product which contains predominently the one isotope.

Method of separating isotope compounds by selective excitation and

Method and apparatus for separation of an isotope substance from a mixture of isotope substances such as UF.sub.6 by adiabatically decompressing the mixture in vaporous or gaseous form to cool the mixture to a temperature below 100.degree. K. and irradiating by an electromagnetic wave selectively absorbed by an isotope substance, passing the mixture after cooling and irradiating in a diffuser at a velocity greater than the speed of sound and decelerating to convert the velocity into pressure with reduced velocity of the mixture. The higher pressure results in substantial reduction in operating costs and capital investment.

Method and apparatus for the separation of isotope mixtures

Method for isotope separation or enrichment in a vaporous mixture of compounds containing the isotopes to selectively excite the group of molecules containing one isotope by means of coherent, polarized electromagnetic radiation (lasers) in which a frequency shift is prevented or greatly reduced and the excitation state can be driven very high to beyond the dissociation limit. This is accomplished by adjusting the frequency and field strength of the radiation so that the dipole moment of the group of molecules to be excited, oscillates, at least at the final amplitude, mainly in phase opposition to the exciting field, and the other group of molecules mainly in phase with the exciting field. In another procedure the radiation has a frequency closer to the resonance frequency of the group of molecules to be separated and is of the order of magnitude of the isotope-determined frequency difference, and both groups of molecules operate in phase opposition.

Method for isotope separation by means of coherent electromagnetic

A gaseous jet of a mixture of matter or isotopes to be separated is penetrated by a polarized electromagnetic wave, e.g., a laser or maser beam. The required frequency is in the vicinity of a resonant frequency of a molecular dipole of the substance to be separated. For deflecting the mixture components and therefore, their separation, the forces on the molecular dipoles produced by the electric and/or the magnetic field are utilized. SU

Separation of gaseous mixtures of matter

A standing electromagnetic wave haing nodes, penetrates through a gaseous jet of the mixture of the isotopes to be separated, while relative motion takes place between the wave and mixture in such a manner that the isotopes are prevented from dwelling in the vicinity of the wave nodes while the isotopes are traversed by the electromagnetic wave. By adjusting the frequency of the electromagnetic wave so that the individual isotopes of the mixture are selectively influenced differently as far as their dipole behavior is concerned, they can be segregated by the electric and/or magnetic field of the wave. Undesirable effects of such dwelling can also be reduced by the angularity at which the wave penetrates the gaseous jet.

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Erlangen, Germany

Karl Janner