Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved

Other

Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh

Tschechoslowakische Academie Der Wissenschaften

Karel Bouchal

Frantisek Hrabak

Milan Bezdek

Jaroslav Kalal

Frantisek Svec

Jan Lokaj

Hans-Georg Batz

Jiri Coupek

Manfred Baier

Vlasta Hynkova

Svatopluk Pokorny

Eva Zurkova

Paul Tanswell

Hydrophilic latex particles consisting of a homo- or co-polymer of monomers which are sparingly soluble in water, which hydrophilic latex particles can be prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble, radical-forming initiator but without an addition of an emulsifier, stabilizer or wetting agent. A process for the preparation of these hydrophilic latex particles, wherein a monomer which is sparingly soluble in water or several monomers which are sparingly soluble in water are dispersed in water and, with the exclusion of oxygen, for example in an inert atmosphere, are homo- or co-polymerized by emulsion polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble, radical-forming initiator but without any addition of an emulsifier, stabilizer or wetting agent. A diagnostic agent containing these hydrophilic latex particles as carrier and biologically and/or immunologically active substances covalently bound to this carrier either directly or via a coupling agent as a bridge.

Hydrophilic latex particles and use thereof

The invention relates to tetrachloroethyl esters of unsaturated organic acids of the general formula I ##STR1## where X stands for a substituent selected from the group consisting of COOH, CCOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, ##STR2## It further relates to their polymers and mixed polymers of the above monomers, namely with vinyl and diene compounds, and to methods for preparation both monomers and these polymers. To prepare the compounds of the general formula I, acyl chloride of the general formula II ##STR3## where Y stands for a substituent selected from the group consisting of COOH, COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, ##STR4## AND ##STR5## IS TREATED WITH CHLORAL, ADVANTAGEOUSLY IN THE PRESENCE OF A MINERAL ACID OR SALT, FOR EXAMPLE WITH ADDITION OF SULFURIC ACID AND FERRIC CHLORIDE, RESPECTIVELY.

Polymers of tetrachloroethyl esters of unsaturated organic acids, and

Method for producing polymers comprises connecting polymeric molecules at least one of which contains tertiary amino groups chemically bound in the chain in the presence of materials such as elemental halogens, compounds of the elements of groups 3 through 8 of the Periodic Table containing one or more halogen atoms or halogen containing organic compounds. It is possible to connect chains of identical or different types and in this way increase the molecular weight, produce block copolymers, cure films and varnishes and perform vulcanization and the like at ambient temperature.

Method for producing polymers

Organic three-dimensional polymeric gel-like materials containing covalently bonded phosphoric acid or a derivative thereof and a method for their manufacture. The bonding is accomplished by the reaction of the free hydroxy or epoxide groups in the homogeneous or macroporous gel-like matrix with the H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, P.sub.2 O.sub.5, phosphorus pentahalide and oxyhalide. The halide containing groups may then be hydrolyzed to form acid groups which then may be modified to form complex compounds by reaction with Lewis acids. The gel material may serve as a strongly acidic cation exchanger, catalyst or polymer reagent.

Three-dimensional polymeric gel materials containing phosphoric acid

The invention relates to tetrachloroethyl esters of unsaturated organic acids of the general formula I ##EQU1## WHERE X stands for a substituent selected from the group consisting of COOH, COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, ##EQU2## It further relates to their polymers and mixed polymers of the above monomers, namely with vinyl and diene compounds, and to methods for preparation both monomers and these polymers. To prepare the compounds of the general formula I, acyl chloride of the general formula II ##EQU3## where Y stands for a substituent selected from the group consisting of COOH, COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, ##EQU4## is treated with chloral, advantageously in the presence of a mineral acid or salt, for example with addition of sulfuric acid and ferric chloride, respectively.

Tetrachloroethyl esters of unsaturated organic acids and the method for

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Prague, Czechia

Karel Bouchal