The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.

Other

USA as Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Kaplesh Kumar

Dilip K Das

Ernest C Wettstein

Anthony Petrovich

Marc Steven Weinberg

Paul Greiff

Byong-Ho Ahn

Ralph Hopkins

Anthony M Moscaritolo

Lyle J Jenkins

Richard M Walker

Edmund R Foster

Richard H Coco

A Thomas King

Herbert A Newborn

Thomas M Worth

Method of building resistance to Covid-19 disease development. The strong link between the distribution of Covid-19 disease (CV) severity across the United States population and that of systemic inflammation, as indicated in the individual's C-reactive protein (CRP) level, explains the widely varied symptomatic responses of individuals afflicted with the virus. The data are consistent with the fewer infections and deaths reported for the Asian countries. The disease pathologies of CV and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) patients bear close similarities. Modeling the disease as a chemically reactive process indicates that the virus catalyzes the inflammation driven reaction, causing lung infiltration and injury, up to and including patient death. Prevention methods involving exercise and diet successfully applied for lung stabilization in NSIP also apply to CV mitigation, the goal of which is to achieve pre-disease CRP levels of <10 mg/L, and preferably <3 mg/L, and more preferably <1 mg/L.

Building resilience to Covid-19 and its variants

Model and method of treating inflammatory diseases. Traditional treatments for such diseases include administering to the patient toxic anti-inflammatory drugs. Following stabilization of the symptoms, the drug doses are tapered down to minimize side effects, as a result of which inflammation remains high and the disease is rarely cured. A chemistry-based disease model concludes that irrespective of the role that inflammation plays in the disease, inflammation reduction will impede disease initiation and progression. Managing and controlling inflammatory diseases requires reducing inflammation to acceptable normal values. Non-toxic ways such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-inflammatory diets, and regular exercise allow such reduction in inflammation to normal values, thereby slowing down or arresting disease progression and allowing the discontinuation or reduction of toxic anti-inflammatory therapy while maintaining low inflammation using non-toxic therapy.

Pulmonary interstitial pneumonia treatment

Inflammatory disease model and method of treatment

A device for manipulating microwave radiation includes a substrate that defines the shape of a surface for reflecting microwave radiation. The device also includes a metal fitting. The fitting conforms to the defined shape, and provides the surface that reflects microwave radiation.

Method and device for achieving a high-Q microwave resonant cavity

A hybrid wafer gyroscope includes a combination of micro-machined components and traditional electromechanical components to form a miniature gyroscope having a high degree of stability. The gyroscope includes a rotor, gimbal, flexures, and stop cutouts micro-machined out of one or more layers of silicon, forming a unitary, planar, and disk-shaped rotor subassembly, which spins about a drive shaft.

Hybrid wafer gyroscope

Dynamic balancing reduces quadrature bias in microfabricated vibrating instruments such as tuning fork gyros so that a purity of motion is achieved in the absence of any angular rate input. Balancing is achieved by ablating ( ) or depositing ( ) onto support structure ( ) for a tuning fork gyroscope rather than the proof mass ( ) itself by melting and moving material on a tuning fork beam ( ). Such adjusting is advantageously done during actual operation of the gyro by laser beam application through an encapsulating transparent cover which can be either part of the chip die or an external package.

Dynamically balanced microelectromechanical devices

A process for synthesizing advanced ceramics having superior microstructures and properties. Metal oxide powder particles are produced from solutions of soluble salts of the respective metals by a spray decomposition process. The as-formed powders are heated in an inert atmosphere at a temperature below their sintering temperature and for a time sufficient to cause the oxide powder particles to densify without sintering, and the densified powder is then compacted under high pressure and finally sintered at a temperature above that employed in the initial heating step. Products of this process possess superior magnetic and structural uniformity, excellent grain structure, and very high mechanical strength relative to ceramics prepared without using a heat treatment for densification prior to the compacting step.

Synthesis process for advanced ceramics

Method and apparatus for forming rare-earth magnets and magnet precursors of fine particle sized metal alloy powders with a high degree of metal to metal intimacy and homogeneity in the particle to particle metal composition. Salts of the desired metals which may include or be selected from zirconium, samarium, iron, cobalt, copper, neodymium and boron with nitric acid in a water based solution are atomized through a nozzle, which may be ultrasonic, into fine mist droplets form metal oxide particles which condense through a heated, atmospheric environment furnace. The furnace temperature is in a range of 600.degree. to 1150.degree. C. and causes decompositon of the metal salts along with their oxidation, driving off the liquid and nitrogen components along with other carrier materials. A very fine sized powder, typically micron dimension size powder of metal oxides, in which each particle represents a homogeneous proportion of the desired metal components, is collected in the bottom of the furnace. These fine particle metal oxide powders are subsequently reduced to metal alloy powder particles of similar homogeneity in the metal proportions. The reduction reaction typically utilizes calcium hydride in a hydrogen atmosphere to convert the metal oxides to metal alloy particles. The metal alloy powder is then aligned, compacted, densified and magnetized to produce magnets of high magnetic performance.

Uniform and homogeneous permanent magnet powders and permanent magnets

A process for fabricating high strength Sm.sub.2 TM.sub.17 (TM=transition metal) magnets is disclosed. An alloy is crushed and pulverized to a very fine powder. The powder is aligned in a magnetic field, cold pressed to substantially immobilize the powder particles and then compacted by hot isostatic pressing. The material is either homogenized at this time or prior to crushing. Thereafter, the powder is optimized by an aging heat treatment which includes isothermal exposure followed by controlled cooling. When aging is complete, the compact is magnetized.

Samarium-transition metal magnet formation

A highly aligned rare-earth transition metal alloy magnet material such as samarium-cobalt (SmCo.sub.5). The high degree of alignment is evidenced by an isolated X-ray diffraction pattern peak for Cu.sub.k.alpha. radiation at a interplane 'd' spacing of 2.0 A.degree. and is produced by very high temperature deposition of the material on a hot surface. The surface temperature is maintained well above 800 degrees centigrade and most preferably is initially set at approximately 1020 degrees centigrade or higher at which temperature the isolated diffraction pattern peak dominates. A higher temperature typically occurs during deposition. Deposition of the material on the surface typically takes place by application of the material as a fine, homogeneously sized powder to the plasma flame of a plasma torch. The surface may be preheated by the application of the plasma flame to the surface without the application of the powdered material. A feedback controlled auxiliary heat source may also be used to facilitate maintaining the temperature of the surface at the very high temperature level.

Process of producing aligned permanent magnets

A gas bearing and bearing surfaces capable of operating in an unlubricated configuration and providing reliable wear-resistant, start/stop cycling. The bearing typically comprises opposed surfaces of the same or different materials. A first surface is typically formed by ion implantation of boron into a beryllium metal bearing structure. The boron is typically implanted at a predetermined depth into the beryllium surface to provide a substantially pure beryllium surface. The second surface is typically PYROCERAM, a ceramic metal composite, such as a titanium diboride beryllium structure or a surface having titanium diboride and beryllium applied to a beryllium metal bearing structure by hot isostatic pressing facing. The second surface is adapted to run against the first, or against itself in the ceramic or ceramic surface case. The bearing configuration is capable of running reliably and with acceptably low wear through many start/stop cycles without the application of any lubricant. The titanium diboride, beryllium composite applied to a beryllium substrate finds further application such as in wear or impact-resistant surfaces.

Beryllium based, wear-resistant material for bearings and the like

Apparatus and method for forming radial orientation rare earth-transition metal magnets in continuous arc rings by hot isostatic pressing. A method includes the steps of compacting rare earth-transition metal powders having a particle size up to 40 microns into radially oriented rings in a mold provided with a radially aligning field, stacking a plurality of compacted radially oriented rings within an annular cavity within a sealed, evacuated canister to form a cylinder of a predetermined height, subjecting the canister to temperatures in the range of 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C. under a gas pressure of 15 kpsi to densify the compacts, and cooling the canister and the compacts to room temperature. An apparatus for performing the above-described method, includes a mold for forming green compacts having a central iron core or mandrel, as outer housing forming an annular space between it and the iron mandrel, plungers for compacting into a ring rare earth-transition metal powder within the annular space, and means for forming a radially oriented magnetic field. The magnetic field forming means includes a pair of electromagnetic coils with bucking fields disposed on opposite axial ends of the annular space. Ferromagnetic paths guide the flux through the inner and outer walls of the mold and through the powder to form a radial field for powder alignment. A canister is used for forming magnets from the green compacts and the canister is typically composed of a soft iron that will collapse around the magnets and transmit compressive forces to the green compacts for densification thereof. The canister includes an annular space for stacking green compacts bounded by inner and outer walls and an evacuation tube. A central mandrel may be provided if a ring magnet having a predetermined inner diameter is desired.

Radial orientation rare earth-cobalt magnet rings

A nonequilibrium state material, typically a rare-earth-transition metal, for reversible hydrogen storage. A rare earth-transition metal such as a rare earth cobalt alloy, like a samarium-cobalt or a lanthanum-nickel alloy, is provided in the amorphous or metastable crystalline state as a hydrogen absorbing material, particularly for use in a hydrogen storage and retrieval system, such as a fluidized bed or stacked plate hydrogen storage cell. The rare-earth-transition metal material is rapidly cooled from the liquid state to avoid the transition to a full crystalline state thereby obtaining an amorphous or quasi-stable crystalline state material which has the property of enhanced hydrogen storage capacity as well as being substantially immune to fracturing.

Method of storing hydrogen using nonequilibrium materials and system

Apparatus and method for forming radial orientation rare earth-transition metal magnets in continuous arc rings by hot isostatic pressing. A method includes the steps of compacting rare earth-transition metal powders having a particle size up to 40 microns into radially oriented rings in a mold provided with a radially aligning field, stacking a plurality of compacted radially oriented rings within an annular cavity within a sealed, evacuated cannister to form a cylinder of a predetermined height, subjecting the cannister to temperatures in the range of 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C. under a gas pressure of 15 kpsi to densify the compacts, and cooling the cannister and the compacts to room temperature. An apparatus for performing the above-described method, includes a mold for forming green compacts having a central iron core or mandrel, an outer housing forming an annular space between it and the iron mandrel, plungers for compacting into a ring rare earth-transition metal powder within the annular space, and means for forming a radially oriented magnetic field. The magnetic field forming means includes a pair of electromagnetic coils with bucking fields disposed on opposite axial ends of the annular space. Ferromagnetic paths guide the flux through the inner and outer walls of the mold and through the powder to form a radial field for powder alignment. A cannister is used for forming magnets from the green compacts and the cannister is typically composed of a soft iron that will collapse around the magnets and transmit compressive forces to the green compacts for densification thereof. The cannister includes an annular space for stacking green compacts bounded by inner and outer walls and an evacuation tube. A central mandrel may be provided if a ring magnet having a predetermined inner diameter is desired.

Apparatus for the formation of a molded article from powders and powder compacts of a material by pressure compaction of the powders under the influence of a thermally driven differential volume expansion of first and second elements constraining the powders. The volume expansion achieves a trippling of the compaction effect.

Growing community of inventors

Wellesley, MA, United States of America

Kaplesh Kumar