William Marsh Rice University

Shell Usa, Inc.

Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, B.v.

Kanglin Wang

Daniel M Mittleman

Jeremy Paul Vila

Yuting Duan

Siyuan Yuan

Paul James Hatchell

A backpropagation enabled model is trained for estimating time-lapse property changes of a subsurface volume. Synthetic models of the subsurface volume are generated, with pre-determined property changes before and after a time lapse. These models are used to compute baseline-monitor pairs of synthetic seismic traces before and after the time lapse, wherein the baseline synthetic traces are computed from the synthetic model before the time lapse and the monitor synthetic traces are computed from the synthetic model after the time lapse. A ground truth 4D attribute characterizing the time-lapse property changes in the synthetic models is defined, and a backpropagation enabled model is trained by feeding the baseline-monitor pairs of synthetic seismic traces and the corresponding ground truth 4D attribute. The thus obtained trained backpropagation enabled model can be used to estimate time-lapse property changes of the actual subsurface Earth volume from actual baseline-monitor pairs of seismic traces.

Estimating time-lapse property changes of a subsurface volume

A system for coupling teraherz (THz) radiation to a coaxial waveguide comprises an antenna that generates THz radiation having a mode that matches the mode of the waveguide. The antenna may comprise a pair of concentric electrodes, at least one of which may be affixed to or formed by one end of the waveguide. The radiation may have wavelengths between approximately 30 &#x3bc;m and 3 mm. The waveguide may comprise an inner core and an outer wall defining an annular region. A terahertz sensor system may comprise a terahertz antenna comprising first and second concentric electrodes, means for generating a field across the trodes and means for triggering the emission of terahertz radiation, a first waveguide having first and second ends, said first end being coupled to said antenna so as to receive at least a portion of said terahertz radiation, and a sensor for detecting said terahertz radiation.

Method for coupling terahertz pulses into a coaxial waveguide

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Houston, TX, United States of America

Kanglin Wang