Target Systemelektronik Gmbh &co. Kg

Icx Technologies Gmbh

Flir Detection, Inc.

Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh

Forschungszentrum Rossendorf E.v.

Icx Radiation Gmbh

Flir Radiation Gmbh

Jürgen Stein

Guntram Pausch

Yong Kong

Helmut Ritter

Andrey Georgiev

Ralf Lentering

Marcus Neuer

Werner Gast

Andree Buchner

Olga Leonidovna Maiatska

Cristina Plettner

Claus Michael Herbach

Karen Saucke

A method for determining neutron flux by utilizing a portable Radionuclide Identification Device (RID) as it is used in homeland security applications is provided. The RID has an inorganic crystal comprising iodine, a light detector and electronics for the evaluation of the output signals of the light detector. The method includes a step of detecting, with the light detector, light emitted by the crystal following the interaction of nuclear radiation with the crystal. The intensity of the light measured is a function of the energy deposed in the crystal by said nuclear radiation during the interaction with the crystal.

Method for determining the neutron flux by using a portable radionuclide identification device (RID) comprising scintillation material with iodine

Provided are transparent molded bodies for use as a scintillator for measuring the type and intensity of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, including an organic polymer and, if desired, at least one additive which, under the influence of at least one of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, emits scintillation radiation in the range from UV to IR light, the aim is to improve optical and mechanical properties, robustness against environmental influences and the manufacturability. This was achieved in that the organic polymer at least in part contains a polyaddition product of polyfunctional isocyanates and one or more polyfunctional hardener components.

Plastic scintillator based on an organic polyaddition product

A method is provided for determining the dose rate {dot over (H)} of nuclear radiation field, namely a gamma radiation field, with a radiation detection system (RDS), comprising a scintillator, a photodetector, an amplifier and a pulse measurement electronics. The pulse measurement electronics includes a sampling analog to digital converter, where the nuclear radiation deposes at least some of its energy in the scintillator, thereby producing excited states in the scintillation material, with the excited states decaying thereafter under emission of photons with a decay time &#x3c4;. Photons are absorbed by the photodetector under emission of electrons, those electrons forming a current pulse, said current pulse being amplified so that the resulting current signal can be processed further in order to determine the charge of the pulse measured.

Method and device for the measurement of high dose rates of ionizing radiation

A method of measurement of both gamma radiation and neutrons with energies above 500 keV is provided utilizing a scintillation crystal. The method includes allowing gamma quanta and neutrons to interact with the scintillation crystal, collecting light emitted by the scintillation crystal and letting that light interact with a photo detector, and amplifying the signal output. The method then digitizes the amplifier output signal, determines a charge collection time for each interaction measured, determining light decay times, separating signals with distinct decay times, determining a total charge collected from signals with the distinct decay times, and sorting charge signals in a spectrum. The method then counts signals with a second decay time and determines a count rate.

Method for the detection of neutrons with scintillation detectors used for gamma ray spectroscopy

A self-stabilizing scintillation detector system for the measurement of nuclear radiation, preferably gamma radiation, is provided, the system comprising a scintillation crystal, a photo detector, a photomultiplier (PMT) and one or two fast digital sampling analog to digital converters (ADC), where the scintillator is selected from a group of materials having a light decay time of at least 1 ns, and where the PMT is set to its highest possible gain. A first ADC for processing the single photo electron induced signals is connected to the PMT output, namely the anode output, this first ADC being set to operate with a very high sampling rate of at least 10 MHz, and a second ADC for processing the nuclear particle induced signals is connected to one of the PMT's dynodes with a significantly lower amplification.

Gain stabilization of detector systems utilizing photomultipliers with single photo electrons

Readout circuitry for a PMT is provided, which is adapted for delivering a pair of first and second synchronous output voltage signals to a pair of outputs, the first output signal of the pair having a first AC portion being representative of a charge flow of an anode of the PMT over time, the second output signal of the pair having a second AC portion which corresponds to an inverted form of the first AC portion of the first output signal. The readout circuitry comprises a first sub-circuitry which is adapted to derive the first output signal from the charge flow over time of the anode, and a second sub-circuitry which is adapted to derive the second output signal from a charge flow over time of at least one dynode of the PMT.

Readout circuitry for photomultiplier and photomultiplier

A method of distinguishing effective pulses from test pulses in a scintillation detector that generates measurement light pulses includes providing a regularly-pulsed test light source that produces individual test light pulses having a time-dependent course of relative light intensity, which differs from a time-dependent course of relative light intensity of the measurement light pulses. The test light pulses are provided to a light detector for measurement of the test light pulses. The time-dependent courses of the relative light intensities of the test light pulses are analyzed. The measured pulses are separated into the test light pulses and the measurement light pulses according to the different time-dependent courses of the relative light intensities. The detector includes a scintillator, a light detector, a regularly-pulsed test light source that is adapted provide test light pulses to the light detector for measurement, and an electronic measuring circuit.

Method for signal separation in scintillation detectors

A self-stabilizing scintillation detector system for the measurement of nuclear radiation, preferably gamma radiation, is provided, the system comprising a scintillation crystal, a photo detector, a photomultiplier (PMT) with n dynodes and an evaluation system connected to the output port of the PMT, i.e. the anode of the PMT, the PMT comprising at least two connections to at least two different dynodes of the PMT, a device for measuring the electric current at the at least two dynodes, as well as an electronic device for determining the quotient of the measured at least two electric currents at the at least two dynodes, said quotient being a measure for the gain between the two dynodes, further comprising means for comparing the measured quotient with a reference value, and means for adjusting the gain of the PMT by utilizing the gain change over time.

Gain stabilization of photomultipliers

A method and device are provided for obtaining the energy of nuclear radiation from a scintillation detector system for the measurement of nuclear radiation the device comprising a scintillation crystal, a light readout detector and a fast digital sampling analog to digital converter. The method comprises obtaining the anode current at the LRD for at least one scintillation event with N photo electron charges at the entrance of the LRD, sampling the measured anode current, obtaining the function of the scintillation pulse charges Q(N, G) at the anode of the LRD from said scintillation events, obtaining the RMS of the noise power charge Q(N, G), obtaining the function Q(N) by calculating the ratio of Q(N, G) and Q(N, G), obtaining the constant gradient k from the function Q(N)=Q(N, G)/Q(N, G)=k*N, and obtaining N.

Gain stabilization of scintillation detector systems

A method for correctly identifying at least one source, in particular at least one nuclide, enclosed in a human body and/or a container, is provided, the method comprising the following steps: detecting and measuring the at least one source by means of a gamma spectroscopic device; identifying, in a first estimation step, the at least one source by means of a standard nuclide identification procedure for evaluating a measured first spectrum of the at least one source; applying a second estimation step on the basis of the result of the first estimation step, wherein the result of the first estimation step is used for acquiring a plurality of second spectra of the at least one source found by the standard nuclide identification procedure for a plurality of absorption scenarios and for a plurality of scattering scenarios; and comparing the measured first spectrum with a scatter and absorber spectrum obtained from the plurality of second spectra generated in the second estimation step.

Methods and databases for identifying nuclides

The invention relates to a detector for measuring nuclear radiation, especially gamma-radiation, comprising a scintillator crystal with a light decay time of less than 100 ns, a silicon drift detector (SDD) for the measurement of both direct hits of low energy radiation and the light, being emitted from the scintillator crystal, the silicon drift detector being mounted between the scintillation crystal and the radiation entry window, a preamplifier, connected to the SDD, electronic devices, being capable of determining the signal rise time of the measured signals and of separating the signals on the basis of said rise time, electronic devices, being capable of separately collecting the energy spectra of SDD and scintillator detection events on the basis of the different rise times.

Dual-range photon detector

The invention relates to a detector for the measurement of ionizing radiation, preferably &#x3b3;-radiation and x-rays, comprising a scintillator and a light detector, the light detector being stabilized by using a predefined light source, preferably a Light Emitting Diode (LED), where the length and/or shape of the light pulses of the light source is different from the length and/or shape of the light pulses emitted by the scintillator. The light source induced pulses and the radiation induced pulses are separated from all other pulses on the basis of their pulse width. The detector is additionally stabilized by correcting the measured light output, that is the pulse height of the output signals, of the detector with the detector temperature shift, being dependant from the average pulse width of the accumulated &#x3b3;-pulses.

Detector for the measurement of ionizing radiation

A method for linearizing a radiation detector is provided, the method including measuring a pulse height spectrum of a predetermined radiation source, identifying at least one spectrum template for the predetermined radiation source, and determining a linearization function by comparing the measured pulse height spectrum with the at least one identified spectrum template. The at least one spectrum template is a predefined synthesized energy spectrum for the predetermined radiation source and for the corresponding radiation detector. Further, a detector for measuring one or more types of radiation is provided, the detector being adapted for transforming the measured pulse height spectrum in an energy-calibrated spectrum, the transformation including a linearization step, where a linearization function used with the linearization step is determined according to the inventive method.

Method for linearizing an energy spectrum of radiation detectors

A detector for the measurement of radiation, preferably ionizing radiation, includes a medium, means for the conversion of the radiation energy absorbed by the medium into electrical charge, means for digital sampling of the charge signals, means for the determination of a calibration factor K, and means for the stabilization of the output signals of the detector. The medium at least partly absorbs the radiation to be measured. The electric charge is at least partially proportional to the energy of the radiation. The sampling is done preferably with a sampling rate between 1 and 1000 MHz. Further signal processing is digital. The calibration factor K has a fixed relation with respect to the decay time &#x3c4; of the medium. The output signals of the detector are mainly proportional to the radiation energy, and are stabilized with the help of the calibration factor K.

Stabilization of a scintillation detector

The invention relates to a method for stabilizing the signals generated by a scintillation detector for measuring radiation, especially ionizing radiation, using the radiation which is at least partially absorbed in the detector, said signals depending on the operating temperature of the detector. According to said method, the temperature-dependent calibration factor K is determined from the signal shape of the signals generated by the radiation to be measured itself.

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Wuppertal, Germany

Jürgen Stein