Kemira Oyj

Jussi Ruotsalainen

Sakari Halttunen

Mehrdad Hesampour

Jonni Ahlgren

Hannele Havansi

Torsten Haverinen-Nielsen

Miia Niemelä

Maria Luhtala

Tanja Kallio

The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of &#x2264;10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of &#x2265;50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

Microbial fuel cell arrangement and method for operating it

A method for removing humic substances comprising lignin, other lignin type compounds and their disintegration products from an aqueous alkaline waste water from a bleaching of chemical pulp, which method comprises &#x2014;obtaining an aqueous alkaline waste water comprising humic substances such as dissolved lignin, and &#x2014;adding a high cationic starch having a charge density value of at least 1.8 meq/g dry matter of starch derivates determined at pH 7-7.5 to the alkaline waste water to precipitate humic substances.

Method for removing humic substances from an aqueous alkaline solution

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Espoo, Finland

Jussi Ruotsalainen