Ciba-geigy Corporation

Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited

Ciba-geigy Ag

Ebauches S.a.

Jurgen Markert

Athanassios Tzikas

Hans Wilhelm Liechti

Kurt Burdeska

Hansrudolf Schwander

Peter Aeschlimann

Maged A Osman

Paul Herzig

Terry J Scheffer

Jacques Zurbuchen

Jacques Cognard

Willi Leutenegger

Laszlo Revesz

Hans Morawietz

Trung H Phan

Jakob Buhler

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of concentrated storage-stable aqueous solutions of yellow azo- and azoxystilbene dyes which are obtained by self-condensation of 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, by converting the sparingly soluble alkali metal salt of the dye into a water-soluble ammonium salt by double cation exchange via a lipophilic ammonium salt, which process comprises carrying out the double ion exchange in a two-phase system of nitrobenzene/water and using, for the first ion exchange a di- or trialkylamine containing a total of 12 to 40 carbon atoms and, for the second ion exchange, a mono-, di- or trialkanolamine containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety. The concentrated storage-stable dye solutions so obtained are particularly suitable for dyeing paper.

Preparation of aqueous concentrates of yellow azo and azoxystilbene dyes

Reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is a --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --X radical, in which X is a leaving group, and Z is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or carboxy, and K is the radical of a coupling component which couples at pH.ltoreq.7, are suitable for dyeing and printing textile fibre material and give dyeings and prints of good fastness properties.

Reactive dyes, process for their preparation and use thereof: bis-vinyl

A composition for use in an electro-optical device, particularly a display device, contains anthraquinone pleochroic dye of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted amino group or a hydroxy group; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted amino, a hydroxy or a cyano group; each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which are identical or different, is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a hydroxy, a nitro or a cyano group; R is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group; n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, the Rs being identical or different when n is 2, 3 or 4; and X is a hydrogen or halogen atom, a hydroxy or mercapto group, a straight, branched or cyclic C.sub.1-16 alkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a group of formula OR', OAr, SR', SAr, COOR', COOAr, COO--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R', OOCR', OOCAr, OOC--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R', CONHR', CONHAr, NHR', NHAr, NHCOR', NHCOAr, OCOOR', OCOOAr, CH.dbd.N--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R', N.dbd.CH--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R', N.dbd.N--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --R' or ##STR2## where R' is a hydrogen atom or a straight, branched or cyclic C.sub.1-10 alkyl residue. Compounds of formula (I) have a high order parameter and are very stable.

Composition based on liquid crystal for electro-optical device

New azo dyes are disclosed which are free from sulphonic acid groups and which are optionally quaternized in the coupling component, and mixtures of such dyes, which dyes correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents chlorine, optionally substituted phenyloxy, phenylmercapto, alkylmercapto, naphthyloxy, naphthylmercapto, or a heterocyclic radical which is bound by way of --O--, --NH-- or --S--, X.sub.1 represents hydrogen, cyano, lower alkoxy, carboxy, optionally branched and/or substituted alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally branched and/or substituted lower alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aralkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, carbamoyl, or a heterocyclic radical, W represents hydrogen, a cyano group, an optionally branched and/or substituted lower alkyl group, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group (having 7 to 10 carbon atoms), an aryl group or the radicals ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent lower alkyl, R.sub.2 also represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxyaryl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, and the alkyl radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can also be bound direct or by way of a hetero atom, R represents hydrogen, optionally substituted amino, optionally branched and/or substituted alkyl, optionally branched and/or substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl or a heterocyclic radical, which dyes are useful for the dyeing and printing of synthetic fibres, especially polyester fibres if non quaternized dyes are used or acrylic fibres if quaternized dyes are used.

Azo dyes and the production and use thereof

A liquid crystal mixture intended for electrooptical displays having no polarizers, consisting of:

Liquid crystal mixture

A process for the reductive removal of halogen atoms from amino-, acylamino- or hydroxyanthraquinones, said halogen atoms being bonded in the .alpha.-position and/or ortho-position to amino, acylamino or hydroxyl groups, which comprises carrying out the reductive removal in basic medium with hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives.

Process for the reductive removal of halogen atoms from anthraquinones

A process for the production of pyranthrones or flavanthrones which comprises reacting substituted or unsubstituted 2,2'-dialkyl-1,1'-dianthraquinonyls or 2,2'-diacylamino-1,1'-dianthraquinonyls respectively in a two-phase system of aqueous organic solvents using quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compounds as catalysts.

Process for the production of pyranthrones or flavanthrones

A process for dyeing synthetic textile material in a halogenated hydrocarbons solvent by the exhaust process, comprising the use, for dyeing, of azopyridone dyestuffs of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent hydrogen, or an optionally substituted lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, cycloalky or aryl radical, or

Process for the dyeing of synthetic textile material

A Process is described for the pretreatment or finishing of materials with processing agents dissolved or dispersed in water or in organic solvents, wherein the portion of the treatment liquor or of the pretreatment liquor containing the processing agent constitutes the volumetrically smaller part, and the remaining portion of this treatment liquor consists of at least one inert organic compound selected from a water-insoluble, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic compound which is perfluorinated or mixed-halogenated, or which contains a perfluorinated or mixed-halogenated radical which compounds are immiscible with the treatment liquor; and wherein the liquor optionally contains additional auxiliaries that do not form an emulsion with the inert organic compound, and the system is very thoroughly mixed during the pretreatment or finishing process.

Growing community of inventors

Ettingen, Switzerland

Jurgen Markert