Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd.

Sony Corporation

Jun Hattori

Shigeyuki Suda

Nozomu Kitagishi

Hiroki Nakayama

Akihisa Horiuchi

Masakazu Matsugu

Masayuki Suzuki

Naoki Kashimura

Kenji Saito

Eiji Nakamura

Kenji Saitoh

Tsunefumi Tanaka

Sadahiko Tsuji

Masatake Kato

Takashi Asaida

Mitsuru Yamamoto

Takeshi Baba

Kazuhiro Ban

Yoshiro Aoyagi

Sakae Houryu

Rohra Aruna

In a network system, a loop-shaped transmission path is constituted by multiplexing a plurality of loop-shaped transmission channels. A plurality of nodes are connected to the loop-shaped transmission path. Each of the plurality of nodes can access at least two channels of the plurality of channels multiplexed in the loop-shaped transmission path. Each of plurality of nodes has a loop-shaped transmission route which is formed via a plurality of channels and which does not exceed one round of the loop-shaped transmission path.

Network for connecting a plurality of nodes using a plurality of channels

A solid-state image pickup apparatus for generating image pickup signals produced by a solid-state image sensor. The image sensor is driven at a data rate of f.sub.s1 with a predetermined phase. Digital luminance signal Y and two digital chrominance signals C.sub.R, C.sub.B are generated by a first digital processing unit, operated at a clock rate related to the data rate of f.sub.s1, from the digitized image pickup signals. These signals are then converted by a second digital processing unit into signals Y, C.sub.R and C.sub.B having a data rate related to f.sub.s2. The second digital processing unit performs bandwidth limitations on these signals by a half band filter having a passband f.sub.s2, f.sub.s2 /2 and f.sub.s2 /2 and performs data rate conversion of from 2f.sub.s1 to f.sub.s2, from f.sub.s1 to f.sub.s2 /2 or f.sub.s2 /4 and from f.sub.s1 to f.sub.s2 /2 or f.sub.s2 /4, for outputting the low order linear phase finite impulse response sufficient to suppress high-order sideband components in the vicinity of n.multidot.2f.sub.s1, n.multidot.f.sub. s1, and n.multidot.f.sub.s1, (n being a positive integer) in a form that can be down-sampled at f.sub.s2, f.sub.s2 /2 or f.sub.s2 /4 and f.sub.s2 /2 or f.sub.s2 /4. The second digital processing unit can have a simplified construction when the characteristics of the half band filter are used to compensate for the band pass rollover characteristics of the rate-converting filter.

Solid state image pick-up apparatus for converting the data clock rate

A method of detecting a relative positional deviation of a first object having a first grating mark with an optical power and a second object having a second grating mark with an optical power, is disclosed, wherein a projected radiation beam is diffracted by the first and second grating marks in sequence and, on the basis of a position of convergence on a light receiving surface of plural diffraction beams produced by the diffraction through the first and second grating marks and including a signal beam having been diffracted at a predetermined order by each of the first and second grating marks, the relative positional deviation is determined, a detection zone is defined on the light receiving surface, the signal beam is converged upon the detection zone, and a predetermined diffraction beam of the plural diffraction beams which, for a relative positional deviation of the first and second objects, shows displacement different from that of the signal beam is substantially prevented from being converged upon the detection zone.

Positional deviation detecting method

Disclosed is a method of detecting relative positional deviation of a first object with a first grating pattern having an optical power and a second object with a second grating mark having an optical power. Light diffracted by both the first and second grating marks forms a light pattern on a predetermined plane; wherein different diffraction beams of the light diffracted by both the first and second grating marks are displaceable along the predetermined plane in accordance with the relative positional deviation of the first and second objects, in the same direction and by substantially the same quantity; and the relative positional deviation of the first and second objects is detected on the basis of the position of the light pattern on the predetermined plane.

A registration correction circuit for a solid-state camera having a plurality of solid-state image pickup elements. One of the color video signals produced from the image pickup elements is selected as a reference signal, and pixel data of the color video signals other than the reference signal are electronically moved so that the pixel data of all the color video signals will agree in their positions. Movement of pixels is carried out by using coordinate transformation and interpolation technique: the coordinate transformation is used to shift the pixels by a multiple of 1-pixel pitch; and the interpolation is used to shift the pixels by less than 1-pixel pitch. The spatial frequency components reduced by the interpolation calculations are adaptively enhanced for each pixel in real time.

Registration and contour correction circuit and method for solid-state

A device for detecting a positional relationship between opposed first and second objects, with respect to a first direction perpendicular to the opposing direction. The device includes a light source for projecting light to the first and second objects, a photodetecting portion for receiving light from one of the first and second objects irradiated with the light from the light source, the photodetecting portion being operable to detect a predetermined parameter related to the light, which parameter is changeable with the positional relationship between the first and second objects with respect to the first direction, a first position detecting system for detecting a positional relationship between the first and second objects, with respect to a second direction perpendicular to the opposing direction of the first and second objects and having an angle with respect to the first direction, and a second position detecting system for detecting the positional relationship between the first and second objects with respect to the first direction, on the basis of the detection by the photodetecting system and the first position detecting system.

Position detecting method and apparatus

An error correction method and circuit for a nonlinear quantization circuit comparing a test signal which is produced from an error correction table by applying an analog reference signal into a nonlinear circuit with reference data that is defined as an output of the error correction table when the nonlinear circuit has no error, and updating the error correction table by the test signal and the reference data when they disagree. The output of the nonlinear circuit is corrected by using the error correction table. The technique is particularly suitable for nonlinear conversion performed by a gamma correction circuit of a color television camera.

Error correction method and circuit for nonlinear quantization circuit

A zoom lens comprising a plurality of lens units in which at least one of the air separations between the units is varied to effect zooming, whereby at least one of the plurality of lens units is included with at least one refractive index distribution type lens element on a common optical axis of the other elements.

Compact high-range varifocal objectives

A zoom lens including at least two lens units of which the front one is of positive refractive power and the rear one is of negative refractive power, the units being axially movable to decrease their separation in zooming from the wide angle to the telephoto end. At least one of the lens units is provided with at least one refractive index distribution type lens arranged on a common optical axis of the other lenses in order to achieve a great advance in compactness.

Compact zoom lens

A spherical lens includes a spherical shell-shaped lens composed of a medium of a refractive index n.sub.1 and a sphere-shaped lens composed of a medium of a refractive index n.sub.2 smaller than n.sub.1, positioned inside the spherical shell-shaped lens to constitute a concentric sphere therewith. An imaging system includes a spherical lens, an imaging device having a light receiving surface curved along the curved image plane of the spherical lens and adapted to pick up the image formed by the spherical lens with the light receiving surface and a processor for processing image signals output from the imaging device. The imaging system may also include a bundle of light transmitting members, of which, light entrance ends are positioned along the curved image plane of the spherical lens and which are adapted to transmit an image, formed by the spherical lens, to the light exit ends thereof.

Spherical lens and imaging device using the same

An image-forming lens having a primary surface defined by a spherical surface and located on the side of an object when the lens is used to provide negative magnification, a secondary surface defined by a flat plane and located on the side of an image, the lens having therein a refractive index distribution exhibiting a substantially spherical symmetry with its center located in the vicinity of the highest point of the primary surface located most distantly from the secondary surface when measured perpendicularly from the secondary surface.

Image-forming lens

An objective of variable focal length includes a plurality of lens units of which the first, counting from front, is of negative power and the second is of positive power. At least the first and second lens units are moved with variation of the air separation therebetween to vary the focal length of the entire system. The objective is characterized in that at least one of the lens units is included with at least one refractive index distribution type lens arranged on the common optical axis of the other lenses.

Objective of variable focal length

An optical system comprising a plurality of lens components, wherein at least one of the components is a convex lens and has a radial gradient of refractive index in such a cross section that the refractive index increases toward the margin, so that it behaves as a lens of negative power.

Optical system having gradient-index lens and method for correcting

A gradient index lens includes a first surface comprising a convex surface, a second surface comprising a convex surface, the convex surface of the second surface sharing the center of curvature with the convex surface of the first surface, and an index gradient N(.rho.) formed in the medium of the lens. The index gradient N(.rho.) is expressed as

Gradient index lens

A variable focal length objective having a plurality of lens units with at least one unit separation being varied to vary the focal length of the entire system, in which at least one of the plurality of lens units has at least gradient-index lens having a refractive index distribution of the form: N(h)=N.sub.0 +N.sub.1 h.sup.2 +N.sub.2 h.sup.4 +N.sub.3 h.sup.6 + . . . where h is the height from the optical axis, N.sub.0 is the refractive index on the optical axis, and N.sub.1, N.sub.2, N.sub.3, . . . are constants, satisfying the following conditions:

Growing community of inventors

Kanagawa, Japan

Jun Hattori